Lyoness

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lyoness International AG
legal form AG
founding 2003
Seat Buchs , Switzerland
Number of employees 1000 (2014)
sales 2012: 1200 million euros
Branch Service company
Website www.lyoness-corporate.com

The Lyoness International AG is a 2003 founded Swiss corporation , which itself "country- and industry-wide buying group called". The company's headquarters are in Buchs ( Canton St. Gallen ). The company operates mainly from Graz ( Styria ). Lyoness has been active in 47 countries worldwide since March 2016 and, according to the press release, has over 130,000 partner companies, 13 million customers and 250,000 acceptance points in Europe , North America , South America , the Middle East , Asia , Australia , New Zealand and Africa . The non-transparent business model led to numerous lawsuits and investigations against the company. In Norway, Lyoness or Cashback was banned because it was an "illegal pyramid game". In Italy, too, the antitrust authority has determined that Lyoness is a pyramid scheme and that the company has been sentenced to a fine of 3.2 million euros.

As a result of the court rulings, the company was renamed Lyconet in 2018 , and the company also appears as myWorld or Cashback World . Lyconet announced that Lyconet International AG , founded in December 2018, is not a legal successor to Lyoness. Both Lyoness and the newer companies were founded by the Styrian businessman Hubert Freidl .

Business model

Member and partner development
Members partner
July 2004 7,600
July 2008 310,000 14,000
October 2008 350,000 14,000
July 2009 520,000 15,000
November 2009 750,000 16,000
May 2010 980,000 17,000
November 2010 1,200,000 18,500
January 2011 1,500,000 18,500
August 2011 1,700,000 18,500
November 2011 1,900,000 20,000
May 2012 2,000,000 20,000
July 2012 2,200,000 20,000
March 2013 2,700,000 29,000
June 2013 3,000,000 29,000
October 2013 3,300,000 32,000
June 2014 4,000,000 40,000
December 2015 5,000,000 50,000
Membership development of Lyoness International AG

The company has three different business models:

  1. Purchasing community ("Cashback Community")
  2. Customer loyalty program ("Cashback Solutions")
  3. Sales (recommendation marketing "Lyconet")

As a cross-sector international purchasing community, Lyoness negotiates purchasing conditions with partner companies, which are passed on to members. The member can buy from the partner companies in four ways in order to gain the advantages:

  • Cashback card from Lyoness
  • Mobile cashback , voucher creation on smartphones and tablet PCs via the Lyoness app
  • Cashback vouchers Purchase of original vouchers from the respective partner company via Lyoness
  • Online shopping at partner companies via the Lyoness website

Members receive price refunds or points for shopping in the so-called “Lyoness Loyalty Mall”, an online shop, for corresponding purchases. There are also small bonuses based on their sales for purchases made by other members recruited by a member.

Sponsorship and public engagement

The company was a sponsor of SK Rapid Wien and supports various events in the public sector such as the Austrian Golf Open , the European Juniors League, the Schwarzl Seefestival or the RTL donation marathon . Lyoness founded the Child and Family Foundation and the Greenfinity Foundation. The foundations are partly financed by the Group's sales.

Corporate structure

International organization

The following organizations are assigned to Lyoness International AG as staff units: Lyoness Group AG, Lyoness Child and Family Foundation ( foundation ), Lyoness Greenfinity Foundation (foundation). International AG is superordinate to five continental organizations.

Continental Organizations

The continental organizations are formed as joint stock companies , these are:

  • Lyoness Europe AG (founded in 2003) with a focus on Europe is based in Buchs SG. Lyoness Management GmbH and Lyoness Service Center GmbH serve as the administrative unit here.
  • Lyoness America Inc. with a focus on North America is based in Fort Lauderdale
  • Lyoness IMEA SA (founded in 2011) with a focus on the Middle East and Africa is based in Buchs SG.
  • Lyoness South America SA (founded in 2011) with a focus on South America
  • Lyoness Asia Limited (founded in 2011) with a focus on Asia with Australia but excluding the Middle East is based in Hong Kong .

Country organizations

The 47 country organizations are subordinate to the continental organizations and run as limited liability companies , they are founded depending on the sales success.

International cooperation

Sports clubs, associations, non-profit organizations and companies operate their own regular customer loyalty programs with cashback cards, which are implemented by Lyoness as an operator.

Criticism of the business model and legal disputes

The group was accused of having an opaque business model and operating an illegal pyramid scheme. Both the Austrian Chamber of Labor , the Austrian Association for Consumer Information and the Swiss Observer urge a skeptical or critical attitude towards the promised advantages of the group. The Swiss consumer magazine K-Tipp has Lyoness on a “warning list” of general consumer traps. If the customer wants to achieve a higher return, he actually has to purchase the Lyoness business package for 3000 Swiss francs . This fact is seen as an indication of a pyramid scheme; However, since this acquisition is voluntary, there is no violation of the law.

In a judgment by the Vienna Commercial Court, the Lyoness business model was qualified as a frowned upon pyramid scheme within the meaning of the UWG (Commercial Court Vienna November 30, 2015, 1 R 192 / 14b).

On November 13, 2012, November 27, 2012 and April 24, 2013 the Austrian Broadcasting Corporation (ORF) broadcast a series of critical reports on Lyoness' business model. On August 19, 2013, the South African television broadcaster CNBCAfrica.com also broadcast a critical report on allegations of the hidden pyramid scheme (Ponzi scheme). At the end of August 2013, the public television broadcaster Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg made a critical contribution to the controversial shopping community and its advertising events in Germany as part of the series 'was'.

In a report commissioned by Lyoness and published in September 2013, Peter Lewisch, professor at the Institute for Criminal Law and Criminology at the University of Vienna, stated that it was not a pyramid scheme as defined by the Austrian Criminal Code.

In Austria, the main allegation of “financial malversations” in the form of an “illegal profit expectation system” or “pyramid-like pyramid scheme” is still upheld, despite a procedure that was partially discontinued in 2011. The regional court of Krems an der Donau came to the conclusion in a judgment that the Lyoness business model was so similar to a pyramid scheme that the contracts between it and the business customers concerned were void. The judgment became final, Lyoness waived an appeal. As of January 31, 2014, the Corruption Prosecutor in Austria is currently still investigating Lyoness. “It is being investigated further. The case is still pending, "said Senior Prosecutor Carmen Prior.

The Association for Consumer Information (VKI) has successfully sued the Lyoness shopping group in Graz. A total of 61 clauses in the general terms and conditions (GTC) and additional GTC at Lyoness are illegal, which is a negative record. The authorities in Sweden, Norway and Poland are investigating Lyoness on suspicion that it is a fraudulent pyramid scheme. The Australian Federal Court dismissed a lawsuit by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) in October 2015 for operating a pyramid scheme. On February 17, 2015, a class action action against the controversial purchasing community was launched in all 46 countries in which Lyoness operates. On November 20, 2015, the commercial court ruled in a judgment against Lyoness that parts of the business model are an unauthorized pyramid scheme.

The Higher Regional Court in Vienna ruled in the course of the preliminary proceedings pending with the Public Prosecutor's Office for Corruption on April 12, 2016 that Lyoness is not a pyramid scheme in the criminal sense (Section 168a of the Criminal Code) and the investigations have therefore been discontinued. However, the decision does not concern the still existing allegation of a violation of the Capital Market Act, with regard to which the investigations are ongoing.

The General Secretary of the ÖGV (Austrian Golf Association) announced that there has been no cooperation with Lyoness since June 2016. In March 2015, Lyoness announced a pioneering and long-term partnership with the ÖGV and its 100,000 members. The ÖGV Cashback Card (membership card with the functions of a Lyoness Cashback Card) was discontinued after one year.

Golf Open Event GmbH and Lyoness will also go their separate ways with the “Lyoness Golf Open” from 2018, although a contract existed until 2020. The “Lyoness Golf Open” will be replaced by the “Shot Clock Masters” from 2018.

Mastercard sends a warning to a partner company

In June 2016, the Mastercard Austria boss confirmed that Mastercard never had a direct business relationship with Lyoness. The transactions were carried out via a card issuing company registered in Great Britain, among others. This Mastercard licensee has launched numerous card programs, including the Lyoness program. The Lyoness program had not been approved by Mastercard. The licensee of Mastercard himself, who got involved with Lyoness, had been warned several times because of this.

In July 2016 it was researched that this third party was the company "MyCard International LLC". Gerhard Buckholz, Lyoness himself, stood behind this company. Gerhard Buckholz left Lyoness IMEA SA on December 21, 2015 and is now retired. In 2014, parallel to his work at Lyoness IMEA SA, he founded the company “MyCard International LLC” based in Gibraltar.

FinTech company ZINSPILOT (Deposit Solutions) distances itself from Lyoness

The company confirmed that it works with an affiliate network, which in turn includes numerous partners. Zinspilot was also listed on the Lyoness website through one of these partners. Zinspilot himself never had a contractual relationship with Lyoness. The company has now asked its affiliate partners to remove the Zinspilot content from the relevant page.

Europe's largest mail order pharmacy "Zur-Rose Group AG" denies partnership

The management denies a cooperation with Lyoness and has now taken the necessary steps to have the company name deleted from the Lyoness website.

Chamber of Labor warns of Lyoness clone Lyconet & Cashback World

The Vorarlberg Chamber of Labor warns against Lyconet, until recently known as Lyoness. Cashback World is a brand of MyWorld Solutions, the new Lyoness company. Minors are also recruited for network marketing and promised "wonderful profit prospects". "Whenever the promised profits only occur when I look for more people who in turn have to look for more people, then the alarm bells should sound," a consumer advocate is quoted as saying.

Court judgments in Switzerland and Austria

Various courts in Austria and Switzerland have judged the business model as an illegal pyramid scheme in accordance with the respective guidelines. On top of that, clauses in terms and conditions are illegal because they are non-transparent and grossly disadvantage the Lyoness members.

Ongoing investigation by the public prosecutor's office in Germany

Investigations into fraud against the managing director (s) of Lyoness Deutschland GmbH have been pending at the Cologne Public Prosecutor's Office - white-collar crime department - since June 2016.

The German Federal Financial Services Agency (BaFin) confirms investigations into DECC (German Customer Cloud).

Under the reference number HGS-QB 9100-2018 / 0136, BaFin - Section ZR 3 - initiated a review of the DECC offered. (As of March 6, 2018)

Lyoness Norway AS finally banned in Norway with the current decision of the Norwegian authority Loteritilsynet on May 31, 2018

The decision of the Norwegian authorities on May 31, 2018 is aimed at myWorld Norway AS (formerly Lyoness Norway AS) and Lyoness Europe AG, but it also affects around 152,000 Norwegian members and 1,000 Norwegian retailers that Lyoness has indicated in the revenue system.

A fine of 3.2 million euros was imposed on Lyoness Italia SrL

The Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato , the Italian competition authority, punished Lyoness on January 14, 2019 with a total fine of 3.2 million euros for a pyramid scheme and misleading advertising.

Web links

Commons : Lyoness  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Lyoness press release from May 2012
  2. ↑ a b c d e Monetas , Swiss company and personal database , accessed on June 3, 2012
  3. ↑ a b Lyoness press release from June 2014.
  4. ↑ a b Lyoness wants to get rid of legal disputes , derStandard.at of October 20, 2013
  5. ↑ Lyoness relocates operational control to Graz. In: steiermark.orf.at. April 17, 2014, accessed November 3, 2018 .
  6. ↑ http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=rv973yj8jrk2&lvl=19.35&dir=180.51&sty=b&ss=yp.lyoness~pg.1~rad.80&form=LMLTCC
  7. ↑ Lyoness. Retrieved July 25, 2019 .
  8. ^ Lyoness: Lyoness Corporate. Retrieved July 25, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Lyoness: Investigations into fraud suspended. Kleine Zeitung, April 15, 2016, accessed April 16, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Graz discount company: "Illegales Pyramidenspiel": Norway bans Lyoness . In: www.kleinezeitung.at . ( kleinezeitung.at [accessed on June 13, 2018]).
  11. ↑ Lyoness must stop illegal pyramid activity in Norway. In: lottstift.no/en. Lotteri- og stiftelsestilsynet, June 5, 2018, accessed on January 25, 2019 (English).
  12. ↑ a b PS11086 - Pyramid selling scheme and deceptive promotion, over € 3 million penalty to Lyoness. In: en.agcm.it. agcm, January 14, 2019, accessed on January 25, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Lyoness restructures again . In: The press . ( diepresse.com [accessed June 2, 2018]).
  14. ↑ Despite 400 judgments: Lyoness continues as "Lyconet". In: help.orf.at. March 7, 2020, accessed August 11, 2020 .
  15. ↑ a b Chamber of Labor warns of Lyconet. In: kurier.at. March 9, 2020, accessed August 11, 2020 .
  16. ↑ Scam on Instagram: My Insta profile, my yacht, my debts. In: Wirtschaftswoche. June 17, 2019, accessed August 11, 2020 .
  17. ↑ Cashback World: Cashback World: Hubert Freidl and Marko Sedovnik: Cashback app networks shopping worlds. January 12, 2020, accessed August 11, 2020 .
  18. ↑ a b pressemeldung.at in July 2008
  19. ↑ a b boerse-express.com in July 2008
  20. ↑ Format.at Interview , accessed on June 8, 2012.
  21. ↑ Konsument.at , article from November 3, 2008
  22. ↑ Business People in summer 2009, page 66
  23. ↑ Medianet November 27, 2009
  24. ^ Blaulicht Graz May 2010
  25. ↑ Conclusion, November 2010
  26. ↑ Wirtschaftsblatt December 2010
  27. ^ Letter to the retailer No. 1, Vienna, January 2011
  28. ↑ Kronen Zeitung Steiermark, January 2011
  29. ↑ Dolomiten Tagblatt der Südtiroler, Bozen January 19, 2011
  30. ↑ Grazetta August 2011
  31. ↑ Via Airportjournal Graz November 2011
  32. ↑ Conclusion, Graz in November 2011
  33. ↑ Steirerkrone-Kronen Zeitung S19
  34. ↑ Lyoness press release from July 2012.
  35. ↑ Lyoness press release of March 28, 2013 , lyoness.com
  36. ↑ Lyoness press release from June 25, 2014 , lyoness.com
  37. ↑ Lyoness: Court recognizes no fraud behind it. Courier, November 23, 2015, accessed December 7, 2015 .
  38. ^ "See point: About Lyoness" , press release of September 30, 2013
  39. ↑ alexander.huber: A major sponsor leaves Rapid, another is threatening it. July 7, 2020, accessed August 10, 2020 .
  40. ↑ www.golfweek-events.com ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed June 9, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.golfweek-events.com
  41. ↑ Kleine Zeitung on May 24, 2012
  42. ↑ http://www.europeanjuniorsleague.com
  43. ↑ According to the obtainer : Obtainer-Online.com  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. and the "week": "Lyoness makes it possible"  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.obtainer-online.com  @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.woche.at  
  44. ↑ APA defacto
  45. ↑ Partner of the RTL Spendenmarathon 2011, accessed on June 10, 2012
  46. ↑ See “Shopping and doing good”  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Schweizer Illustrierte and www.lyoness-cff.org , website of the "Child and Family Foundation"@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.schweizer-illustrierte.ch  
  47. ^ Lyoness America Inc .: Lyoness USA. Lyoness America Inc., November 21, 2017, accessed November 21, 2017 .
  48. ↑ Lyoness company structure - organizational chart | Lyoness-corporate.com. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  49. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Moto GP Cashback | Cashback: money back with every purchase. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  50. ↑ Speedweek: Lyoness an opaque new Dorna partner. Speedweek, accessed November 19, 2017 .
  51. ↑ SK Rapid Vienna Cashback Program: cashback.skrapid.at
  52. ^ Lyoness: HC Slovan Cashback Card operated by Lyoness. In: cashback.hcslovan.sk. Retrieved February 19, 2016 .
  53. ↑ Slavia Cashback Card operated by Lyoness. Retrieved April 20, 2016 (cz).
  54. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Legia Warszawa - Strona Oficjalna | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  55. ↑ La Cashback Card FIG operated by Lyoness. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  56. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Lechia Gdansk Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  57. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Lech Poznan Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  58. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Wisla Kraków Cashback Card | Cashback: Zwrot pieniędzy przy każdym zakupie. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  59. ↑ CASHBACK Community: Fire Brigade Cashback Program | Cashback: money back with every purchase. Retrieved April 3, 2017 .
  60. ↑ CASHBACK WORLD: HC Kometa Cashback Card | Cashback: Z každého nákupu peníze zpět. Retrieved July 14, 2017 .
  61. ↑ EHF FINAL4 DE. Retrieved July 14, 2017 .
  62. ↑ Jokerit Cashback Card | Cashback: Rahaa takaisin jokaisesta ostoksestasi. Retrieved July 14, 2017 .
  63. ↑ " Hands off the Lyoness business package! "K-Tipp 20/2010 and" Threatening with a million dollar claim ", Swiss observer
  64. ↑ Lyoness: Shopping community or pyramid scheme? VKI criticizes "cleaning process" at Lyoness , ORF.at, accessed on August 16, 2014.
  65. ^ Skepticism about the "Lyoness" system ( memento of February 8, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) , Arbeiterkammer.at
  66. ^ Lyoness Holding Europe AG: Profits uncertain , Konsument.at on November 11, 2008
  67. ↑ In issue 4/12: Threatening with millions
  68. ↑ K-Tip list updated on March 28, 2011: Warning list: General consumer traps , as of February 16, 2012
  69. ↑ Lyoness: Shopping community or pyramid scheme?
  70. ↑ verbrauchrecht.at
  71. ↑ Sent as part of the “ Report ” magazine ; see. on this “Lyoness / Switzerland” ( tv.orf.at/program ( memento of November 29, 2012 in the Internet Archive )) by Eva Maria Kaiser. Link last checked on November 30, 2012.
  72. ↑ Contribution from CNBCAfrica.com - - ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cnbcafrica.com
  73. ↑ http://www.rbb-online.de/was/archiv/20130828_2215/lyoness.html
  74. ^ "Expert opinion on Lyoness: No pyramid game" , Kleine Zeitung on September 6, 2013
  75. ↑ Klagenfurt responsible for the Lyoness lawsuit , ORF.at on January 26, 2012
  76. ↑ See “Lyoness goes on the offensive” Der Standard from January 27, 2012; "Lyoness: Advertisement partially discontinued" ( Memento from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), Kleine Zeitung , January 27, 2012
  77. ↑ http://www.nachrichten.at/nachrichten/wirtschaft/Ist-Lyoness-ein-Schneeballsystem-Juristen-uneins-Kunden-unzufrieden;art15,1300757
  78. ↑ http://www.justiz.gv.at/web2013/html/default/2c9484853f386e94013f57e43e3a0bd8.de.html
  79. ^ ORF Styria
  80. ↑ http://derstandard.at/2000011760361/VKI-mit-Klage-gegen-Lyoness-erffektreich
  81. ↑ Lyoness polisanmäls för misstänkt pyramidspel ( Memento of the original from March 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , lotteriinspektiven.se (Swedish) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.lotteriinspektiven.se
  82. ↑ Lotteritilsynet har opna tilsynssak mot Lyoness Norway AS ( Memento of the original dated December 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , lottstift.no (Norwegian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / lottstift.no
  83. ↑ Program lojalnościowy Lyoness , uokik.gov.pl (Polish)
  84. ↑ ACCC takes action against alleged pyramid scheme operator , accc.gov.au
  85. ↑ Federal Court finds Lyoness scheme not pyramid , accc.gov.au
  86. ↑ Australia: According to the court, Lyoness no pyramid game , kleinezeitung.at
  87. ↑ Voucher affair: AdvoFin starts class action against Lyoness. In: kurier.at. February 17, 2015, accessed December 24, 2017 .
  88. ↑ https : //verbübersrecht.at/cms/index.php ? id = 49 & tx_ttnews%5Btt_news% 5D = 3546 & cHash = b2e43ed5914d78b27876856be8d19bdc http://kurier.at/wirtschaft/einkaufsgemeinschaft-lyoness-verliert-process/176.001.673 http: / /help.orf.at/stories/1766434/ HG Vienna November 30, 2015, 1 R 192 / 14b
  89. ↑ No Pyramid Game - Lyoness: Investigations into fraud suspended. In: Small newspaper. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  90. ↑ Discount provider Lyoness is not a pyramid. In: derStandard.at. Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  91. ↑ Investigations against Lyoness have now been discontinued. WirtschaftsBlatt.at, April 20, 2016, archived from the original on April 20, 2016 ; Retrieved April 20, 2016 .
  92. ↑ [1]
  93. ↑ [2]
  94. ↑ Brand abuse: Mastercard warns Lyoness partners. In: help.orf.at. July 1, 2016, accessed November 23, 2018 .
  95. ↑ Advertised with “Mastercard”: Lyoness partner warned 1
  96. ↑ [3]
  97. ↑ FinTech company ZINSPILOT (Deposit Solutions) clearly distances itself from Lyoness! - Ben Ecker . In: Ben Ecker . March 23, 2018 ( benecker.com [accessed June 5, 2018]).
  98. ↑ Lyoness - Europe's largest mail order pharmacy "Zur-Rose Group AG" denies partnership, does not even know Lyoness! - Ben Ecker . In: Ben Ecker . March 24, 2018 ( benecker.com [accessed June 5, 2018]).
  99. ↑ New paint on old pyramid games. Retrieved March 9, 2020 .
  100. ↑ 10-27 p.m., March 8 , 2020: Lyconet: Chamber of Labor warns of Lyoness clone. March 8, 2020, accessed March 9, 2020 .
  101. ↑ Despite 400 judgments: Lyoness continues as "Lyconet". March 7, 2020, accessed March 9, 2020 .
  102. ↑ Compare judgments: BZ 2016 78, VV.2018.82-WS1ZE-HWI (CH); 45 C 527 / 16k-16, 3 Cg 40 / 16g - 16, 4C 229/16 p, 8 C631 / 16m - 6, 26C 610 / 16g-15, 10 Ob 45/16, 581 Cg 44 / 16y 11, 2C312 / 17f-8, 8C 427/17 Z, 20C 260 / 16s, 8V 314 / 17g, C715 / 17p-10, 3C 293 / 17h-19, 13 C 711 / 17b-12, 6C 459 / 16i-16, 12C105 / 172, 51 Cg6 / 17i-21, 2 C789 / 17k, 2 C 694 / 17z-20, 16 C 257 / 17s-13, 21 C 123/16 s, 12 C 348 / 16s, 21 C 241/1 / w, 2 C474 / 16-18 (AT)
  103. ^ Steiermark@ORF.at: German justice against Lyoness active. Steiermark@ORF.at, November 21, 2017, accessed on November 19, 2017 .
  104. ^ Tiroler Tageszeitung: Cologne Public Prosecutor examines initial suspicions. Tiroler Tageszeitung, November 21, 2017, accessed on March 19, 2020 .
  105. ^ German justice against Lyoness active. In: steiermark.orf.at. June 28, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2018 .
  106. ↑ [4]
  107. ^ Beatrice Walder, Bernhard Bircher: Lyoness: Questionable shopping community. Accessed June 5, 2018 (Swiss Standard German).
  108. ↑ [5]