Machland Nord flood protection project
The Machland Dam is a 36.4 kilometer long flood protection project , completed in 2012, on the left bank of the Danube in Machland and Strudengau in Upper Austria .
The dam stretches between Mauthausen and St. Nikola an der Donau and is intended to protect around 22,000 people in seven municipalities from further flood disasters (cf. Flood in Central Europe 1501 , Flood in Central Europe 2002 , Flood in Central Europe 2013 ). In addition to the dam structures and mobile flood protection facilities, a flood basin around nine kilometers long was built.
The official completion took place on August 25, 2012. After the floods in Central Europe in 2002 , the Machland dam was the largest of around five hundred Austrian flood protection projects. It is still the largest flood protection program in Central Europe and in the history of Upper Austria. The total cost was 182.6 million euros.
Machland-Damm GmbH, which was founded on April 7, 2008 and is based in Perg, acted as the construction company. The affected communities are shareholders. The managing directors were initially Messrs Werner Peterseil and Gerhard Mysliwietz, who were later replaced by Johann Dober, Anton Wahlmüller and Bernhard Eckerstorfer. The company has three employees.
The ongoing maintenance of the dam is the responsibility of MDB Machland-Damm Betriebs GmbH, which was founded on July 15, 2010 and is based in Perg. The managing directors are Messrs. Johann Dober, Anton Wahlmüller and Bernhard Eckerstorfer. The company has nine employees. The affected communities are shareholders.
Mainly earth dams as well as fixed and mobile flood protection walls were built . A power and emergency power supply has been set up for the numerous pumping stations . 32.95 kilometers are intended to protect against a flood that occurs once every 100 years on average, and 3.45 kilometers against a flood that occurs every 30 years on average. 29.18 kilometers are earth dams, 7.22 kilometers are flood protection walls. The flood basin is 8.7 kilometers long. Other structures include 78 pumping stations, 14 channel culverts and 3 bridges. In St. Nikola, passive flood protection was built in individual solutions as an alternative solution.
In addition to a thousand houses, the project also protects listed cultural assets . The residents of 252 houses and farms from the meadow landscape were evacuated. The five localities of Hütting (municipality of Mitterkirchen im Machland), most of Mettensdorf and Pitzing (municipality of Baumgartenberg) as well as Eizendorf, Froschau and parts of Saxendorf (municipality of Saxen) have disappeared from the map. This resettlement campaign represented the largest measure of its kind in all of Central Europe and was carried out on the basis of the voluntariness and willingness of the affected population.
Around 600 hectares of valuable natural floodplain landscape and floodplain for the Danube could be reclaimed and sustainably secured. The dam leads through the planned nature reserve Machland Nord .
Resettlements in the area of the Machland dam
In the run-up to the project implementation, around 250 previously inhabited objects were removed and razed in the area between the dam and the Danube. In some cases, entire settlements were built in flood-proof areas. For objects remaining in the area there are no aid commitments in the event of further flood disasters.
In a study from 2003, resettlements were proposed in the following localities, a large part of which was also implemented (number of objects to be relocated in brackets):
- Marktgemeinde Baumgartenberg (48 to 58)
- Mettensdorf (34 to 44)
- Pitzing (14)
- City of Grein (6 to 12)
- Mitterkirchen market town (55)
- Huetting (54)
- Worth (1)
- Market town of Saxen (91 to 98)
- Eizendorf (64)
- Froschau (19)
- Dornach (6 to 10)
- Wetzelsdorf (1 to 4)
- Saxendorf (1)
- St. Nikola (12 to 17)
Listed objects in the area of the Machland dam
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Mauthausen
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Naarn im Machlande
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Mitterkirchen im Machland
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Baumgartenberg
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Saxen
- → Main page: Listed buildings in Grein
- → Main page: Listed buildings in St. Nikola on the Danube
description
After the floods in 1991, the seven affected municipalities founded the Donau-Machland flood protection association. The project planned for submission in autumn 2002 on the basis of the previous experience was revised again due to the Danube flood in 2002, subsequently took into account flood levels that were one meter higher in some cases and was submitted for approval in 2003. The negotiations with the landowners have been concluded, the financing issues have been clarified and the environmental impact assessment has been completed.
After the Danube flood in 2002 , around 80 houses in the villages of Eizendorf, Froschau and Saxendorf in the municipality of Saxen and around 170 to 180 individual properties in other municipalities were relocated. From the groundbreaking on November 29, 2008, an approximately 42-kilometer-long dam was built in eight construction lots between Mauthausen and St. Nikola. It was completed in mid-2012 and has since been protecting around one thousand houses from further flood disasters.
The earth walls are more than 29 kilometers long and were erected one to three kilometers from the Danube, plus around 7.2 kilometers of flood protection walls, some with mobile elements directly on the banks of the Danube.
In addition, 78 pumping stations with 350 pumps and 14 channel passages as well as three bridges were built. At full operation, around 100,000 liters of water can be pumped from the Machland into the Danube every second. The failure safety of the pumping stations is guaranteed by emergency power generators.
The Danube bank communities Mauthausen , Grein and St. Nikola an der Donau were mainly protected by walls and mobile elements attached to them. For the central Machland communities Naarn , Mitterkirchen , Baumgartenberg and Saxen mainly dam structures were built. So-called homogeneous dams need a floor width of 15 to 20 meters at a height of 4 to 5 meters. In addition to the active protective measures, a flood basin about nine kilometers long was dug along the Danube, imitating a tributary of the Danube.
Almost 33 kilometers of the project provide protection against flooding that occurs every 100 years, and around 3.5 kilometers provide security in the event of a flood that occurs every 30 years.
The total costs of the construction of the century (construction cost index 2005), initially estimated at around 144 million euros, were estimated at 182.6 million euros on the occasion of the opening on August 25, 2012 and fifty percent were from the Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology, and thirty percent from State of Upper Austria and 20 percent of the affected communities. On average, flood protection for the 1,000 houses cost 150,000 euros per house. In addition, listed cultural assets are protected from further flooding.
Construction lots
Lot 1 Naarn
In the municipal area of Naarn, flood dams were built over a total length of 6.6 kilometers between Au an der Donau and Ruprechtshofen , essentially as protection against a flood that occurs every 100 years with certain safety reserves.
An area of 19.7 hectares was required for the dam. Depending on the intended use, the dam crest was usually built with a width of three meters, 2.5 meters of which with a 0.5 meter thick drivable base layer.
In the area of streets, this will be laid on the 5.5 meter wide dam crest. The bypasses of Staffling and Ruprechtshofen were built on the top of the dam with a width of seven meters (5.5 meters of lane width) south of the localities as a municipal road. In several places, crossings, relocations and swings of the Aist-Mühlbach were necessary. A revision and partial reorganization of the route and road network was necessary. Almost along the entire construction section, three-meter-wide care paths and five-meter-wide accompanying roads were laid on both sides of the dam. Numerous crossing options with a width of six meters have been set up.
Construction began in September 2009 and was completed in 2012.
Lot 2 Mitterkirchen
In Mitterkirchen, mostly dams and 110-meter walls were built over a stretch of around 8.3 kilometers to protect against flooding that occurs every 100 years with certain reserves. An area of 16 hectares was continuously claimed for the dam. The crown width is usually four meters, at the highest point the dam in this construction lot is 5.8 meters high. Sideways on both sides, access roads to local residents and crossing options complement the dam structure. The Seebach is essential for rapid drainage of the hinterland and has been accelerated accordingly.
Construction began in September 2009 and was completed in 2011.
Lot 3 Baumgartenberg
The construction lot in the municipality of Baumgartenberg covers a distance of 13.5 kilometers, making it the largest single section of the dam and extending from the villages of Wagra and Labing in the market town of Mitterkirchen in Machland and past the center of the Baumgartenberg market. It offers protection against a flood that occurs every 100 years. 17.1 hectares of land were required for the dam. The highest point of the dam is 6.5 meters. Mutual sidewalks, local access roads and crossing options complete the project. In Kirchstetten, the depth line of the Alte Naarn was restored over a length of 1100 meters. The relocation of the Mühlbach in Mettensdorf over a length of 730 was necessary. At Labing, the dam made it necessary to relocate the Schwemmnaarn over 350 m. In addition, the construction of a fish pass between Schwemmnaarn and Naarn as well as the elimination of ecological building sins from the Naarn regulation of the 1960s and 1970s were realized. The Naarn was also relocated upstream from Labing over a length of around 1800 meters. The construction lot started in December 2009 and was completed and opened in October 2011 earlier than planned. During the construction period, 475,000 cubic meters of dam had to be moved, that is around 50,000 truck loads.
Lot 4 Saxen
The construction lot serves to protect the villages of Saxen and Wetzelsdorf as well as two individual objects in Dornach against flooding that occurs every 100 years. A combined protection of dams, walls and mobile elements was built. The poldering of the settlement area Saxen Süd was carried out by a 1570 meter long dam with a maximum height of six meters and a crown width of four meters. Ramps are used to cross embankments. The area designated as the Saxen West industrial development area was partially filled up. The Saxnerbach was regulated by the protective measures. Accompanying roads, local access roads and crossing options complete the structure.
Construction lots 5 Mauthausen, 6 Grein, 7 St. Nikola
In Mauthausen, protection against flooding that occurs every 100 years was built for the settlement areas and building land, which includes dams, walls and mobile elements and was completed in June 2010 after a construction period of nineteen months. The western end of the construction lot is at the height of Riedersbach, the eastern end about 150 meters downstream of the Danube bridge. Along the Danube, the construction of walls, but also the new construction of the towpath, improved the stability of the existing dam structures.
Even before the opening on June 27, 2010, the 25 kilogram stop logs were used because the flood warning limit on Corpus Christi was exceeded for a few hours. The mobile elements are stored in a warehouse on the site of the former beet yard. The total costs for the construction lot increased to 21.8 million euros, as geological problems were solved and originally unforeseen drainage measures were necessary.
In the Grein and Sarmingstein area, the measures also created protection against flooding that occurs every 100 years, while protection against flooding that occurs every 30 years was achieved in St. Nikola and Struden.
Lot 8 flood basin
The groundbreaking for the construction of the flood basin took place on April 19, 2011, the construction work including the construction of a doping structure was completed in 2012.
The type and course of the flood basin is based on the historical model of a tributary of the Danube that existed until the middle of the 19th century. The length of the trough between the exit from the Danube at Au an der Donau and the integration into the Hüttinger oxbow lake is about 8.7 kilometers. The total length of the system imitating a tributary of the Danube up to the confluence with the Danube adds up to a length of around 14.3 kilometers. The trough width is at least 50 meters and the average depth is three meters below the top of the ground. To prevent the flood basin from silting up, it has to be flushed through from time to time.
The construction of the hollow made it necessary to relocate or redevelop forest roads and farm roads in some areas. In addition, the land between the Mulde and the Danube had to be reached to a sufficient extent. The excavated material was mainly used for the construction of the dams and mixed with fly ash for this purpose. In the process, water was withdrawn from the excavated material and a greater density of the dams was achieved.
The flood basin is intended to improve the situation in the event of smaller floods and to ensure the ecological functionality of the tributary system. In the area where the tributary connects to the Danube, there is a difference in height of more than three meters between the Danube water level and the Au groundwater level. In order to ensure the passability of this area for fish and other aquatic animals, a technical doping structure was built.
public relation
From May to November 2010, the Danube was held in a construction container on the parking lot of an inn in Baumgartenberg to accompany the cross-state exhibition . Fluch & Segen an exhibition with photos and a film of the flood in 2002 as well as an overview of the construction and functioning of the Machland dam. In addition, bus tours were carried out to the project's construction sites.
literature
- Solid construction, economy and technology in construction, report from September 18, 2009, pilgrimage into the depths queried on April 16, 2010
Videos
- Machland dam June 2013 in Grein www.strudengau.tv
- S. Hohensinner: Reconstruction of the original habitat of the river-floodplain biocenosis of the Danube in the Machland on the basis of the morphological development from 1715-1991. 2008. Video (approx. 48 seconds)
- Flood 2002 Baumgartenberg (1) (duration approx. 10 minutes)
- Flood 2002 Baumgartenberg (2) (duration approx. 10 minutes)
- bgbtvlokal ORF 2 Austria picture June 20, 2010
photos
Web links
- Machland-DAMM GmbH
- Information on the Machland dam from the chairman of the association, Mayor Erwin Kastner
Individual evidence
- ↑ Machland dam of the century: Europe's largest flood protection project completed in record time. Grand opening on August 25th. In: Landeskorrespondenz - media information on the press conference on August 24, 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 867 kB)
- ↑ OÖN: Machlanddamm officially opened
- ^ Machland-Damm GmbH, Perg, in: Creditreform website
- ^ MDB Machland-Damm Betriebs GmbH, Perg, in: Creditreform website
- ↑ Opinion of the environmental advocate dated March 27, 2006 ( memento of the original dated August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF, 29 pages of text)
- ^ Information on the press conference on August 24, 2012, in: Landeskorrespondenz, Medieninfo
- ↑ Flood protection in Machland: The largest resettlement program on a voluntary basis, in: Landeskorrespondenz Media information on the press conference on July 12, 2012 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 131 kB)
- ↑ Sketch of the course of the Machland dam queried April 16, 2010
- ↑ Upper Austria. Planet, Green Newspaper for Upper Austria, No. 58, December 2008 Flood, march! ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Query from April 16, 2010.
- ^ Damm: Lot 3 has opened, there is great joy on the occasion of the completion in Baumgartenberg, in: Bezirksrundschau No. 41 of October 13, 2011, p. 6.
- ↑ Bezirksrundschau Perg: After a trial by fire, the flood protection dam will be opened on June 27th, Bezirksrundschau special topic in issue 24 of June 17, 2010.
- ↑ Machland dam: flood basin as a fishermen's paradise - the channel is not only intended to catch small floods, it also forms a newly created habitat for animals and plants. In: Bezirksrundschau. No. 17/2011 of April 28, 2011.
- ↑ http://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20101105_OTS0209/bilanz-der-ausstellung-donau-fluch-segen Balance of the exhibition "Danube. Fluch & Segen", OTS / APA of November 5, 2010, accessed on 29. July 2014.
