Strudengau

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Strudengau

The Strudengau is a region and cultural landscape in the Austrian Danube Valley in the east of Upper Austria and in the west of Lower Austria .

geography

This panorama map by Leopold Franz von Rosenfelt (1721) is the first cartographic representation of the Danube section in the Strudengau

Location and limitation

The Strudengau is a narrow, wooded, meandering valley of the Danube about 25 kilometers long, which begins on the (left) north bank in the Upper Austrian village of Dornach in the municipality of Saxen and on the south bank in the Lower Austrian municipality of Ardagger and downriver to the municipality of Persenbeug and up to to the municipality of Ybbs on the Danube in Lower Austria .

The Machland lies upstream and west of the Strudengau, which is followed by the Nibelungengau downstream in the (north) east . In the Strudengau - on the left bank near St. Nikola - lies the lowest area of ​​Upper Austria with an altitude of 230  m above sea level. A.

The Strudengau is part of the districts of Perg , Amstetten and Melk .

Geology and geomorphology

In the Strudengau, the Danube has found its way through the granite of the Bohemian Massif , so that it continues south of the Danube in the Neustadtler Platte .

The slopes of the 300 to 400 meters deep narrow valley are inclined up to 45 degrees.

The Strudengau was once one of the most dangerous sections of the Danube for shipping, as dangerous rocky reefs created whirlpools in the current , which formed a natural event accompanied by violent roars and roars . Only by the damming of the power plant Ybbs-Persenbeug (1957) the danger has been eliminated.

The Upper Austrian part of the Strudengau lies north of the Danube and belongs geologically and geomorphologically to the Danube gorge and side valleys spatial unit , with only small parts of the communities Grein (450 hectares), St. Nikola an der Donau (507 hectares) and Waldhausen im Strudengau (51 Hectares) are included. In the north, in the area of ​​the municipality of Saxen, the southern Mühlviertler peripheral locations and in Grein, St. Nikola and Waldhausen im Strudengau the Aist-Naarn-Kuppenland .

Waters, flood protection

The most important body of water in the Strudengau is the Danube. Starting from the Wallsee-Mitterkirchen power plant in Machland and along the entire course of the Strudengau, the Danube forms the 34-kilometer-long reservoir of the Ybbs-Persenbeug power plant.

On the left, the Greinerbach, the Kreuznerbach near Grein, the Gießenbach , the Hilberbach, the Sommerlechnerbach, the Dimbach near St. Nikola, the Sarmingbach near Sarmingstein, the Weidenbach near Hirschenau in the municipality of St. Nikola and the Ysper near Isperdorf all flow into the Danube.

On the right, the Altaubach and Einzenbach flow into Ardagger, the Tiefenbach in Neustadtl, the Willersbach on the border between Neustadtl and Sankt Martin-Karlsbach and the Ybbs at Ybbs on the Danube into the Danube.

While a flood protection dam that can be driven on has existed in Ardagger since the 1970s, the Machland Nord flood protection project was implemented from 2008 to 2012 , the protection measures of which, in addition to the Upper Austrian Machland, also include construction lots 6 and 7 on the Upper Austrian part of the Strudengau between Grein and St. Nikola on the Danube.

Nature conservation (Upper Austria)

In the Strudengau, a number of trees and groups of trees are designated as natural monuments:

  • Bad Kreuzen:
  • Four linden trees at the Maria Hilf chapel: a group of trees consisting of four winter linden trees (Tilia cordata) north of the town center
  • Burglinde: Summer linden (Tilia platiphyllos) in the courtyard of Kreuzen Castle
  • House oak, stone oak: English oak (Quercus robur) in Mitterdörfl at Gut Steiner in Kain
  • Hiblereiche: Pedunculate oak on Greinerwald-Landstrasse
  • Grein:
  • Oak: at the northeast end of the settlement on Kaiser-Friedrich-Strasse
  • Waldhausen im Strudengau:
  • Yew in the Sattelgai: Yew (Taxus baccata) near the Steiner farmhouse on Humelschuß
  • Kugeleibe: Yew tree south of the Obergrafenbergergut

Rocking stones (wool sack weathering) designated as a natural monument in Strudengau:

  • Marienstein in Grein: Rocking stone with a statue of Mary near Greiner Strasse towards St. Georgen am Walde
  • Swinging stone in Waldhausen: rocking stone made of Weinsberg granite

The lower reaches of the Gießenbach form the Stillenstein Gorge . In Bad Kreuzen the Kempbach has formed the Wolfsschlucht .

In the vicinity of Sarmingstein , in the municipality of Waldhausen im Strudengau (village Gloxwald), nature has the natural monument Predigtstuhl , a natural rock pulpit in Weinsberg granite , at 520  m above sea level. A. , created around 290 meters above the Danube, which serves as a lookout point into the Danube Valley.

Also in Waldhausen near the Lower Austrian border on the Dümlehnerberg in the village of Handberg is the Einsiedlerhöhle natural monument , a 40 to 50 square meter cavity as part of a five thousand square meter rock formation at 745  m above sea level in the Föhren-Buchenwald . A.

Nature conservation (Lower Austria)

The Lower Austrian landscape protection area Strudengau and the surrounding area includes the communities Nöchling , Hofamt Priel and Persenbeug north of the Danube and the communities Neustadtl an der Donau, Sankt Martin-Karlsbach and Ybbs an der Donau to the south of the Danube.

In contrast, the Lower Austrian FFH area Strudengau - Nibelungengau is limited with regard to the Strudengau only to parts of the mentioned municipal areas, with parts of Ardagger also being included.

Name and story

The vortex at the Thonaw by Matthäus Merian , 1649

The Strudengau gets its name from the many dangerous whirlpools and shallows . It was therefore previously considered one of the most dangerous stretches of the Danube by boatmen. When the opening of the railway line between Krems and Grein was certain in the summer of 1909, all mayors in the area were invited to discuss what could be done to attract tourists to this area after the railway opened. It was decided to give the valley an appropriate name; this call was published in the newspapers; There were then hundreds of suggestions (e.g. Freyaschlucht, Hunnenpforte, Kaisergau), but the name Strudengau was not included. This suggestion was made by the senior teacher Gutleder from Altenmarkt an der Isper in the “Amstettener Wochenblatt”; his reasoning was:

"The name Strudengau is historically and scenically justified, evokes ideas of reefs and swirling waves, is popular, linguistically easy and agile."

The name was first used publicly in July 1910 by the Greiner Tourism Committee.

Historical geography

In the Middle Ages, the Strudengau belonged to the historical Machland and later until 1779 to the Machlandviertel . In the Strudengau, the border between the Riedmark and the Machland ran from Panholz near Grein up to St. Georgen am Walde , with the Sarmingbach forming the eastern border of the Machland .

Castles and churches in the Strudengau belonged to the sphere of influence of the lords of Perg and Machland . Otto von Machland , the most important representative of this family, made numerous donations with the establishment of the Säbnich Abbey, later Waldhausen, in 1147, whereby in many cases the first documentary mention of places in the Strudengau north and south of the Danube was connected.

The Strudengau was secured in the Middle Ages by a number of fortifications:

Accidents

The two diocesan saints Florian and Severin were already familiar with this tragically famous stretch of the Danube through the "vortex and whirlpool" . The first written mention of this section was in connection with an accident: In 926, the Freising Bishop Dracolfus drowned in the torrential floods. On this route, Bishop Wolfgang had to entrust himself to knowledgeable guides on one of his visitation trips (from 976) to Zvisila ( Wieselburg ). The crusader armies had to pass this route. Emperor Franz Joseph and his wife Sisi also had to make an emergency landing in Struden with their steamboat en route to Vienna on the morning of September 20, 1854 , despite the disarming of the Struden route (1777–1781) ordered by Franz Joseph's great-great-grandmother Maria Theresa . Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth continued with the following steamship "Hermine".

The term “Friedhof-Lacke” for the drowned and washed ashore between Struden and St. Nikola is a reminder of the dangerousness of this route.

Regulatory measures

Gradually the river was tamed by regulatory measures. Under Empress Maria Theresia around 1770 and 1780 the removal of particularly dangerous rocks at the "Böse Beuge" (Persenbeug), the Greiner Strudel, the Strudel bei Struden, and the Edbel im Strudengau began. Wörth Castle was also blown up.

Further explosions followed in the middle of the 19th century, including the dreaded "Schwalleck" of Greiner "Struden". The ruins of Hausstein Castle and the island were also blown up. Thanks to the backlog of the Ybbs-Persenbeugs power plant (1957), this problem has been solved. This has also made the wildness and romance of this Danube valley quieter. The natural beauty, however, is unbroken.

Places and localities

North of the Danube in Upper Austria (from west to east)
North of the Danube in Lower Austria (from west to east)
Island in the Danube
South of the Danube in Lower Austria (from west to east)

Culture, tourism

Strudengau with Werfenstein Castle and Danube ship

The cross-federal state joint exhibition Danube, Fluch und Segen dealt in 2010 with the Danube in the Upper and Lower Austrian border area.

The Donaufestwochen have been held annually in July and August since 1995 at several locations in the Strudengau and the surrounding area. The venues have already been several times, for example Greinburg , the Waldhausen collegiate church , the Baumgartenberg collegiate church , the Altenburg branch church , the Strindbergmuseum Saxen , the Gießenbachmühle at the entrance to the Stillensteinklamm , the parish church Bad Kreuzen, in the collegiate church Ardagger and in the Vierkanthof Hauer in Ardagger as well as in the Großdöllnerhof im Mühlviertel Nature Park in Rechberg.

Tourism has had a high priority in the Strudengau for many years. The Strudengau communities have joined community associations, including the LEADER Region Strudengau , the cycle tour operator Donau Touristik with the Danube Cycle Path and the Donausteig , the Radkultour and the Museum Land Donauland Strudengau.

traffic

The Upper and Lower Austria Strudengau is built and by 1965 to 1967 since 2006 after the Austrian politician Leopold Helbich named Ing. Leopold Helbich bridge connected. Before that there were ferry connections between the north and south banks of the Danube. See also: List of Danube bridges

Along the Danube, the Strudengau north of the Danube is crossed by the Donauuferbahn and the Donau Strasse . The Greiner Straße , coming from Amstetten , leads over the Danube bridge to Grein and further on the eastern edge of the Lower Mühlviertel to Lower Austria into the Waldviertel .

Buildings and sights

See also

literature

  • Alois Topitz: Memorable things from Greiner Strudel and Wirbel. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets . Volume 26, Linz 1972, pp. 5–16 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  • Franz Schmutz: The message of an anniversary - 850 years of Waldhausen's founding (1147 - 1997). In: New archive for the history of the Diocese of Linz. 12th year, issue 2, Linz 1998/99, pp. 279–281 (full article, pp. 258–285, online (PDF; 4.5 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).

Web links

Commons : Strudengau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Entry on Strudengau in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
  2. Sagas and legends from Austria: The Donaunixe from Strudengau. In: austria-forum.org. January 27, 2014, accessed May 14, 2020 .
  3. Wolfgang Schachenhofer: The Strudengau. In: Our home, the district of Perg. Association for the publication of a district home book Perg, communities of the district of Perg, Linz 1995, p. 148ff.
  4. Another picture from the same place: Friedrich Koerner, Joseph Wenzig: Illustrirte geographische Bilder aus Oesterreich. Leipzig 1856, p. 66 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. Alois Topitz: Memorable things from Greiner Strudel and Wirbel. In: Upper Austrian homeland sheets. Volume 26, Linz 1972, p. 16 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  6. Peter Pfarl, Toni Anzenberger : Mystery Upper Austria. 2008, ISBN 978-3-7012-0037-5 , p. 79.
  7. ^ Franz Schmutz: The message of an anniversary - 850 years of Waldhausen's foundation (1147–1997). In: New archive for the history of the Diocese of Linz. 12th year, issue 2, Linz 1998/99, p. 280 (full article, pp. 258–285, online (PDF; 4.5 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  8. ^ Friedrich von Schweickhardt: Representation of the Archduchy of Austria under the Ens. Volume 8, Vienna 1837, section Hößgang, p. 288 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. State correspondence No. 237. Visitor numbers, activity in the region and guest feedback exceeded all expectations: 40,000 saw “Donau.Fluch & Segen”. November 5, 2010, accessed May 14, 2020 .
  10. ^ Museumsland Donauland Strudengau. In: museumsland.at.