Machlandviertel

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The Schwartzviertl . Detail from Vischer's Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Descriptio

The Machlandviertel was one of the original quarters of Upper Austria , which stretched north of the Danube over a large part of today's lower Mühlviertel . In the 17th and 18th centuries it was also called the Schwarzviertel or Schwartzviertel, as for example in Georg Matthäus Vischer's map Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Descriptio . After the Innviertel came to Austria in 1779 , the Machlandviertel was merged with the Mühlviertel . In contrast to the historical term Machlandviertel , the name Machland has been preserved for the Danube plain between the mouth of the Enns and Strudengau .

history

The name "Machland" probably goes back to the 11th century. In a forgery of the foundation letter for the Augustinian Canons' Monastery of St. Nikola (Passau) , dated 1074, bishop Altmann von Passau names the Margrave Leopold (who later reigned from 1075 to 1095) as bailiff for the monastery property in the "Machlant". The pen letter of the Erla nunnery , which cannot be precisely timed, names one of them Vladrich de Maclant. Some noble lords of Machland are documented in the 12th century , the most important of which is Otto von Machland as the founder of Baumgartenberg Monastery in 1142 and Waldhausen Monastery in 1147. As a geographical term, we encounter the Machland in the 13th century in a document from King Ottokar as "Achland".

Since then the name has had many different interpretations. Some suspect a Slavic root (slav .: mogyljane, moglan, mogyla = Mugel, hill), others derive the term from Celtic . The most obvious thing to do is to associate the term with ache (= water) and translate it with "land of water".

The Machland is one of the oldest settlement areas in Austria . Bronze Age finds in the Mitterkirchen area and the Roman fort on the spur of Wallsee demonstrate the importance of this old Danube crossing . The location on the Limes and the temporary affiliation to the Roman Empire as well as the location in the old settlement area of the Mark Austria since 976 document the continuous course of settlement development and reclamation of this area. Real -ing place names (e.g. Hütting, Inzing, Arbing) show the Bavarian immigration , while Slavic place names such as Tobra and Tabor mark the early medieval settlement.

Historical and political description

The Machland, bordering the Riedmark in the east, was already connected to the Babenbergian Mark from the 10th century and later (from the middle of the 12th century) with the Duchy of Austria , while the Riedmark was only connected to the Duchy from the 12th century Bavaria came under the influence of the Babenbergs.

Machland (also written in documents as Mahhlant, Mahelant, Mahlant, Maclant, Magelant, Achelant, Ahelant) was a narrow strip between Aist and Sarmingbach along the Danube in today's lower Mühlviertel until the middle of the 13th century , while the remaining, In terms of area, a much larger part of today's lower Mühlviertel which Riedmark formed.

In 1478, at the suggestion of the Obderennsischen estates, four organizational units were created for reasons of national defense:

The demarcation to the west lying Mühlviertel was the Haselgraben and north of it the Große Rodl . The Machlandviertel consisted of the Riedmark and the Machland.

The border between Riedmark and Machland ran from the confluence of the Aist into the Danube via Aisthofen towards Perg . From there in an arc over Münzbach to close to the Danube near Mitterkirchen . Then back inland to St. Thomas on the bladder stone . From there again to Pannholz near Grein and from there up to St. Georgen am Walde .

After the Innviertel fell to Upper Austria as a result of the Treaty of Teschen in 1779 , the two quarters north of the Danube were merged to form the Mühlviertel in order to maintain the organization of four quarters.

The quarter was named after the Machland, the meadow landscape on the left bank of the Danube between Mauthausen and Saxen with the mouths of the Aist and Naarn .

literature

  • Benno Ulm : The lower Mühlviertel until 1500. In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter . Volume 7/8, Linz 1964 ( online (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at).
  • Klaus Rumpier: Historical development of the Mühlviertel from 1500 to 1790. In: The Mühlviertel. Upper Austria. National exhibition. Volume 2, Linz 1988, pp. 289-296 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  • Siegfried Haider : History of Upper Austria. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-486-54081-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Archiducatus Austriae Superioris Descriptio facta Anno 1667 , supplement to the reprint of Topographia Austriae superioris modernae (1674). Vienna: Archiv Verlag 2005