Mammillaria prolifera

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Mammillaria prolifera
Mammillaria prolifera20100407 076.jpg

Mammillaria prolifera

Systematics
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Cactus family (Cactaceae)
Subfamily : Cactoideae
Tribe : Cacteae
Genre : Mammillaria
Type : Mammillaria prolifera
Scientific name
Mammillaria prolifera
( Mill. ) Haw.
Mammillaria prolifera fruiting bodies

Mammillaria prolifera is a species of the genus Mammillaria in the cactus family(Cactaceae). The specific epithet prolifera (from Latin prolifer ) 'sprouting'. An English common name is "Texas Hair Cactus".

description

Mammillaria prolifera usually grows richly branching and sprouting and forms larger pads. The shoots are spherical to cylindrical or club-shaped. They grow up to 9 inches high and 4 to 7 inches in diameter. The warts are cylindrical to conical and soft. They do not carry milky juice . The axillae are bare or sometimes covered with several, sometimes long, fine and white hairs. The 5 to 12  central spines are very slender, straight, needle-like and partly downy-haired. They are white to yellow or reddish with a dark tip and only 4 to 9 millimeters long. The 25 to 40 radial spines often merge into the central spines. They are straight or twisted, white to yellow or brown, bristle to hair-like and 3 to 12 millimeters long.

The cream-colored or pinkish-yellow flowers are 1 to 1.8 inches long. The club-shaped to cylindrical shaped fruits are red and up to 2 centimeters long. They contain black seeds .

Distribution, systematics and endangerment

Mammillaria prolifera is very widespread in the US state of Texas and in the Mexican states of Coahuila , Nuevo León , San Luis Potosí , Hidalgo and Tamaulipas , as well as in the Caribbean .

The first description was in 1768 as Cactus proliferus by Philip Miller . Adrian Hardy Haworth introduced the species to Mammillaria in 1812 .

The following subspecies are distinguished:

  • Mammillaria prolifera subsp. arachnoidea (DRHunt) DRHunt :
    The first description was in 1978 as Mammillaria prolifera var. arachnoidea by David Richard Hunt . It was not until 1997 that Hunt introduced the variety as a subspecies to Mammillaria prolifera .
    Synonyms are Escobariopsis prolifera subsp. arachnoidea (DRHunt) Doweld (2000) and Mammillaria multiceps var. humilis Meinsh. (1858). The subspecies has very fine central spines. The flowers are slender and funnel-shaped.
  • Mammillaria prolifera subsp. haitiensis (K.Schum.) DRHunt :
    It was first described in 1903 as Mammillaria pusilla var. haitiensis by Karl Moritz Schumann . David Richard Hunt introduced the species in 1997 as a subspecies to Mammillaria prolifera .
    Synonyms are Mammillaria prolifera var. Haitiensis (K.Schum.) Y.Ito (1952), Mammillaria prolifera f. haitiensis (K.Schum.) Krainz (1964) and Escobariopsis prolifera subsp. haitiensis (K.Schum.) Doweld (2000). The subspecies has shoots 7 centimeters in diameter. The thorns are more numerous, so that the plants appear whitish.
  • Mammillaria prolifera subsp. prolifera :
    Synonyms are Chilita prolifera (Mill.) Orcutt (1926), Ebnerella prolifera (Mill.) Buxb. (1951) and Escobariopsis prolifera (Mill.) Doweld (2000). The nominate form has shoots between 6 and 7 centimeters in diameter. The thorns are yellow.
  • Mammillaria prolifera subsp. texana (Engelm.) DRHunt :
    The first description was in 1856 as Mammillaria pusilla var. texana by George Engelmann . David Richard Hunt introduced the species in 1997 as a subspecies to Mammillaria prolifera .
    Synonyms are Mammillaria prolifera var. Texana (Engelm.) Borg (1937), Escobariopsis prolifera subsp. texana (Engelm.) Doweld (2000), Chilita multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Orcutt (1926), Ebnerella multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Buxb. (1951) and Mammillaria prolifera subsp. multiceps (Salm-Dyck) and Guzmann (2003). The subspecies has white to brown thorns.

In the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN , the species is listed as " Least Concern (LC) ". H. listed as not endangered.

proof

literature

  • Edward F. Anderson : The Great Cactus Lexicon . 2nd Edition. Eugen Ulmer KG, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-8001-5964-2 , pp. 404 .
  • NL Britton , JN Rose : The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . tape IV . The Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington 1923, p. 124 ( online ).
  • Ulises Guzmán, Salvador Arias, Patricia Dávila: Catálogo de cactáceas mexicanas . Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 2003, ISBN 970-9000-20-9 , pp. 152 .
  • Alberto Massa Saluzzo: Piante Grasse Senza Problemi: La Scelta I'ambientazione in Casa e in giardino le cure - la moltiplicazione . Giunti Editore, Milano 2010, ISBN 978-88-412-4010-6 , p. 96 .
  • Antonio Gómez Sánchez: Enciclopedia ilustrada de los cactus y otras suculentas: (descripción de las especies, habitat y cuidados de cultivo) . Floramedia Espana SA, Valencia 2006, ISBN 84-89347-56-5 , p. 95 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Urs Eggli, Leonard E. Newton: Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names. Birkhäuser 2004, ISBN 3-540-00489-0 , p. 191.
  2. ^ Theodore F. Niehaus, Roger Tory Peterson, Virginia Savage, Charles L. Ripper: A Field Guide to Southwestern and Texas Wildflowers . Houghton Mifflin, 1998, ISBN 978-0-395-93612-2 , p. 140
  3. ^ Gardeners Dictionary . 8th edition. London 1768, Cactus No. 6 (online) .
  4. ↑ AH Haworth: Synopsis plantarum succulentarum . 1812, p. 177 (online) .
  5. ^ DR Hunt: Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain . Vol. 40, Issue 1, 1978, p. 11.
  6. ↑ a b c D. R. Hunt: Mammillaria Postscripts . Volume 6, 1997, p. 6.
  7. ↑ Blooming cacti - Iconographia Cactacearum on behalf of the German Cactus Society. Editor Max Gürke, Neumann-Neudamm 1903, plate 46.
  8. ↑ George Engelmann: In: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . Volume 3, 1856, p. 261 (online) .
  9. ↑ Mammillaria prolifera in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Goettsch, BK, Gómez-Hinostrosa, C. & Terry, M., 2009. Retrieved December 26, 2013.

Web links

Commons : Mammillaria prolifera  - album with pictures, videos and audio files