Manganosite
| Manganosite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| chemical formula | MnO |
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Oxides with metal: oxygen = 2: 1 and 1: 1 |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
4.AB.25 ( 8th edition : IV / A.04) 02/04/01/03 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | cubic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | m 3 m |
| Space group | Fm 3 m |
| Lattice parameters | a = 4.44 Å Please complete the source as an individual reference |
| Formula units | Z = 4 Please complete the source as an individual reference |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 5 to 6 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | 5.18 |
| Cleavage | {001}, {010}, {001} perfect |
| Break ; Tenacity | fibrous |
| colour | emerald green, turning black in the air |
| Line color | brown |
| transparency | transparent |
| shine | glass-like |
Manganosit , chemically manganese (II) oxide , is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of oxides and hydroxides with a ratio of metal to oxygen of 1: 1 with only small to medium-sized cations . It belongs to the periclase group.
Manganosite crystallizes in the cubic crystal system with the chemical formula MnO and forms octahedral crystals that occur in grains and fissile aggregates up to 10 cm in size. It is emerald green when it is freshly broken , but quickly turns black when exposed to air.
Etymology and history
The mineral was found in 1817 by CF Jasche in the type locality , the Kaiser Franz mine near Elbingerode in the Harz Mountains . It was named after its constituent, the element manganese .
classification
In the Strunz system , manganosite is one of the oxides with a metal to oxygen ratio of 2: 1 or 1: 1. After the 8th edition, it forms a group together with calcium oxide , monteponite , bunsenite , murdochite , periclase and wüstite . In the 9th edition , it forms a subgroup of oxides with the same minerals aside from Murdochite, with a metal to oxygen ratio of 1: 1 and small to medium-sized cations (periclase group).
In the Dana systematics , it forms the periclase group with calcium oxide, monteponite, bunsenite, periclase, wüstite and hongquiite , a subgroup of the simple oxides with a cation charge of 2+.
Education and Locations
Manganosit is formed as a weathering product from other manganese minerals such as rhodochrosite . The formation occurs through metamorphosis under low-oxygen conditions.
Most of the manganosite finds are known from the Japanese island of Honshū . The quantities found there are also sufficient for economical mining of the manganese ore. Other finds are known from Sweden , Germany , China , Switzerland , Great Britain and the United States , among others .
Crystal structure
Manganosit crystallizes in the cubic crystal system with the space group with the lattice parameter a = 4.44 Å and four formula units per unit cell. It thus crystallizes in the sodium chloride structure.
use
Larger manganosite deposits serve as raw material for the extraction of manganese.
See also
Individual evidence
literature
- Manganosite in: Anthony et al .: Handbook of Mineralogy , 1990, 1, 101 ( pdf )
- Jean-Raymond Gavarri et al .: Structural Evolution of Manganosite: Comparison of Properties of Nonstoichiometric Manganese and Iron Monoxides . In: Journal of Solid State Chemistry . 1985, 58, 56-70.
