Marawi
| Marawi | |||
| Location of Marawi in the province of Lanao del Sur | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
| Region : | Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao | ||
| Province : | Lanao del Sur | ||
| Barangays : | 96 | ||
| District: | 1. District of Lanao del Sur | ||
| PSGC : | 153617000 | ||
| Income class : | 4. Income bracket | ||
| Households : | 20,375 May 1, 2000 census
|
||
| Population : | 201,785 August 1, 2015 census
|
||
| Population density : | 8929 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Area : | 22.6 km² | ||
| Coordinates : | 8 ° 0 ′ N , 124 ° 18 ′ E | ||
| Postal code : | 9700 | ||
| Area code : | +63 63 | ||
| Mayor : | Majul Gandamra | ||
| Geographical location in the Philippines | |||
|
|||
Marawi , Filipino Lungsod Islamiko ng Marawi ("Islamic City of Marawi"), Maranao language Inged san Marawi , is the capital of the province of Lanao del Sur on the island of Mindanao in the south of the Philippines . The city with around 202,000 inhabitants in 2015 is located on the northern shores of Lake Lanao and politically belongs to the Autonomous Region district in Muslim Mindanao .
During the fighting between May and October 2017 between the Islamist groups Maute and Abu Sayyaf , which are connected to the so-called Islamic State (IS), and the Philippine army , the inner city was depopulated and almost completely destroyed. Little was seen of the planned reconstruction in mid-2019. According to media reports, the residents have not yet been able to return.
Origin of name
The name Marawi is derived from the word rawi from the language of the Maranao ethnic group and means lying , which refers to a species of lily that grows on the banks around the mouth of the Agus River .
geography
The city is located in the western part of Mindanao and is surrounded by the communities of Marantao and Saguiaran to the west, Bubong and Ditsaan Ramain to the east, and Kapai and Saguiran to the north. Lake Lanao is to the south.
The city was founded at the outflow of Lake Lanao , the Agus River. The city and the lake are at an altitude of 700 m above sea level. The urban area is hilly, partly also mountainous.
Barangays
Marawi is politically divided into 96 barangays .
|
|
|
|
history
Marawi was originally a community in Dansalan. Dansalan means "destination". The place was founded on May 20, 1907 and belonged to the then province of Moro . On August 19, 1940 Danasalan became a notarized city by the Commonwealth Act No. 592, but an inauguration did not take place until September 30, 1950 because of the Pacific War. On June 16, 1956, Dansalan City was renamed Marawi by Congressional Ordinance, Republic Act No. 1552. The name change was carried out in honor of the Marawi Sultanate Confederation (Union of Marawi Sultanates). On April 15, 1980, the name of the city was expanded by Council Resolution No. 19, it has been called "Islamic City of Marawi" since it is the only city in the Philippines that is mostly inhabited by Muslims; their share in the population is 92 percent.
As the capital of the province of Lanao del Sur , Marawi is an economic, educational, cultural and political center of the province and also the Islamic center of the Philippine south.
Battle for Marawi 2017
On May 23, 2017, large parts of the city were brought under their control by around 440 Islamist fighters, who are attributed to the local Maute group and the Abu Sayyaf. The surprise attack came after the authorities tried to arrest the alleged IS leader Isnilon Hapilon. The Maute Group has sworn allegiance to the Islamic State , but is organized independently of it. After fighting broke out, they burned St. Mary Auxillidaro's Church and a school, stormed the local prison and freed prisoners there.
President Duterte then declared a state of emergency on the island of Mindanao. Army units advanced into Marawi and Duterte ordered the soldiers to kill and "exterminate" any gunmen they encounter who were not authorized by the government to carry weapons. Tens of thousands of residents fled the fighting between Islamists and government forces, with at least 140 people killed in the fighting within the first week. The Islamist fighters were eventually pushed back by army units and trapped in the city center together with around 2,000 civilians. Government FA-50 fighter planes bombed the city center on June 3, government officials estimated that 250 Islamist fighters were still alive at the time. An attempt to allow the remaining civilians to withdraw on June 4 during a ceasefire failed.
After months of fighting, the two remaining leaders of the Islamists, Isnilon Hapilon and Omarkhayam ("Omar") Maute, were found dead on October 16, 2017 after a gun battle in Marawi. A total of around 1200 people died in the fighting, almost 90 percent of them civilians. The entire city center was almost completely destroyed. Over 3000 buildings were completely destroyed and another 2000 partially destroyed. The contested area has been a restricted zone since then.
Language and culture
Most of the residents of Marawi are Muslim. The dialect Maranao is the most common language in the city area (96.18%) and is understood by both Muslims and Christians. This is followed by Bisaya / Binisaya with 1.29% and Cebuano with 1.14%. Other ethnic groups speak Tagalog (0.29%) or Hiligaynon / Ilonggo (0.14%).
Most of the students in this city also have a command of the Arabic language, both spoken and written. Most schools also teach English as the official language .
One of the traditional dances is the singkil , a well-known Filipino folk dance . Two pairs of bamboo poles are arranged crosswise and rhythmically alternately knocked three times on the floor and then once against each other. The actors dance elegantly between the bamboo poles as long as they are pounded on the floor, and raise their feet if they are slapped together. The beat frequency is continuously increased and the dancers adapt to this rhythm. Incidentally, women are not allowed to dance with men.
Another dance is the kini-kini , a special artistic way of walking of the Maranao women is shown dramaturgically in the dance.
economy
The city's main industry is focused on processing various raw materials. There are many rice and grain mills , companies for the manufacture of hollow concrete blocks , goldsmith workshops and a number of sawmills . Small and large companies produce clothes, floor mats and local garments such as the malong from cotton .
In addition, the art of pasture, the production of brass goods and the classic blacksmithing are represented in the city .
climate
In the high-lying urban area, the weather is cool and pleasant by tropical standards, interrupted by the occasional rainfall that can occur all year round.
Attractions
- Aga Khan Museum
- Mountainous and hilly landscapes such as Signal Hill, Arumpac Hill and Mt. Mupo.
- Lanao lake
- Bagang Beach in Caloocan.
- Agus River between the Saduc and Lilod districts
- Mindanao State University
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ War-torn Marawi rebuild 'painfully slow': Red Cross chief. ABS-CBN, June 5, 2019
- ↑ As of January 2020, see Christoph Hein: Marawi - the forgotten city, in: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung January 8, 2020
- ↑ a b c "Gunfire during ceasefire stops civilians fleeing fighting in Philippines" The Guardian com June 4, 2017
- ↑ Philippines: Numerous dead in the battle for the city of Marawi. In: The time . May 28, 2017. Retrieved May 28, 2017 .
- ^ "Battle for Marawi" Reuters June 2, 2017
- ↑ Anna Schaverien: Death toll nears 100 on sixth day of violence in Philippines. The Telegraph of May 28, 2017
- ^ "Philippine soldiers killed by their own air force" Deutsche Welle dated June 1, 2017
- ^ Philippine troops kill remaining leaders of pro-Isis siege in Marawi - officials . The Guardian October 16, 2017
- ^ Fabian Sommavilla: After IS reign of terror: Difficult return to Marawi. Der Standard, April 4, 2018
- ↑ Fascinating drone shots. Jungle swallows destroyed city. Spiegel Online, June 28, 2019