Marcel Bayard

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Honoré Marcel Bayard (born June 3, 1895 in Chavaniac-Lafayette , † April 15, 1956 ) was a French mathematician and telecommunications engineer . In the 1930s he made groundbreaking contributions to telecommunications theory and as chief engineer of French telecommunications after World War II, he modernized the French telegraph system.

Life

Origin and school time

Bayard was born on June 3, 1895 in Chavaniac-Lafayette, where his father, the farmer Etienne Bayard, built his house after his marriage to Louise Pignol. Marcel, the first child of this marriage, was an excellent student. After attending primary school, he went to college and then to the Lycée , and in July 1913 he received the Baccalauréat .

Military service

After the start of the First World War , he was called up in December 1914 for military service with the 23rd Battalion of Chasseurs à pied in Grasse . He took part with this unit in the Battle of the Somme , during which he was seriously injured on September 15, 1916 in an attack on Rancourt . He was awarded the Croix de guerre and after his recovery assigned to the artillery force. There he graduated from officer training and was at war's end in 1918 Sous-lieutenant ( lieutenant ) and Feuerleitoffizier in the 84th Heavy Artillery Regiment in Lyon .

Professional career

After his return to civil life, after appropriate preparation, he was admitted to the École Polytechnique in 1919 . He completed his last year of study as a so-called “élève ingénieur” in the PTT Ministry (Ministère des Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones), where, after successfully completing his studies in 1923 , he was employed as an engineer in the submarine cable department and until 1926 he was responsible for laying and commissioning of the Marseille - Skikda cable (then Philippeville) took part.

In 1926 he married Aimée Malhomme; the marriage had three children.

In 1927 he was transferred to the Directorate of Telegraph Operations, where he did a great job developing new equipment and modernizing the network. In the 1930s he drew attention to himself by publishing a paper on theoretical electrical engineering. He was appointed to the chair for theoretical electricity at the “École Supérieure des Postes & Télégraphes” (ESPT) and in 1935 published his groundbreaking studies on network impedances . In addition to his teaching activities, Bayard represented France at ITU conferences and headed a CCITT commission in Geneva . In 1938 the ESPT was renamed “École Nationale Supérieure des Postes et Télécommunications” (ENSPTT) and in 1941 Bayard became its deputy director with special responsibility for the training of engineers. When the ENSPTT was divided into the ENSPTT, which trained the administrative specialists, and the “École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications” (ENST), which trained the engineers, in 1942, Bayard became head of studies at ENST, and soon afterwards also a professor. He wrote various teaching materials for ENST, where he was the first in France to introduce matrix calculations for the theory of the electrical network.

In September 1944, after the liberation of Paris , Bayard was appointed director of the PTT submarine cable service, but continued to teach at the ENST. At the head of the submarine cable service, after the Second World War he led the reconstruction of the largely destroyed French telegraphy network and the French cable laying fleet , which only owned the old Arago and Alsace . In 1950, the first post-war new building by a French cable layer was laid, the Ampere III . Bayard is also known as the inventor of a method for finding broken underwater cables, known in England as the "Bayard test". When he carried out the first attempts with repeaters in submarine cables and had a prototype connection laid between Nice and Cannes for this purpose , there was a dispute with the finance administration of the ministry over the financing of the undertaking and Bayard then left the submarine cable service and was transferred to the PTT general inspection. In 1954 he became chief engineer of the PTT.

He was also active in the “Société Française de Mathématiqe” (Mathematics Society), of which he was elected in 1951 as vice-president.

He died after a serious illness at the age of only 61. The PTT Ministry named the cable layman Marcel Bayard, launched in 1961 , after the deceased chief engineer.

Honors & honorary positions

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Marcel Bayard: Relations entre les parties réelles et imaginaires des impédances et détermination des impédances en fonction de l'une des parties. In: Revue Générale d'Électricité , May 25, 1935, 37; n ° 21, pp. 659-664
  2. ↑ Today's successor institution to ENST is Télécom ParisTech .
  3. ↑ Vie de la société (Vie de la société - BSMF_1950__78__p1_0.pdf). (PDF; 85 kB) In: numdam.org. 1950, accessed December 29, 2019 (French).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Bayard, Marcel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bayard, Honoré Marcel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French telegraph engineer and mathematician
DATE OF BIRTH June 3, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Chavaniac-Lafayette , France
DATE OF DEATH April 15, 1956