Margarete Scheel
Margarete Scheel (born September 28, 1881 in Rostock ; † November 9, 1969 there ) was a German sculptor and ceramist .
Life
Margarete Scheel was born as the third daughter of the doctor Ludwig Scheel (1849–1913) and his wife Sophie Scheel. Schleker (1853–1934) was born and baptized on October 27, 1881 in the Jakobikirche Rostock. Her younger brother Paul Friedrich Scheel (1883–1959) was a professor of orthopedics and, since 1917, the director of the Elisabeth home of the “Mecklenburg State Cripple Institute” in Rostock. The family lived at Breiten Straße 19. Margarete Scheel attended a private secondary school for girls in her hometown from 1887 to 1897 , then from 1900 to 1902 the Rostock teachers' seminar .
Margarete Scheel went to Berlin in 1903, where she studied at the teaching institute of the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin and at the Reimann School . Since that year she has described herself as a sculptor. During this time she had contact with many important artists and took lessons from some of them, for example in figure drawing in 1904 with the painters Hans Baluschek , Martin Brandenburg and Lovis Corinth . She acquired the essential basics of her sculptural training from 1905 in Arthur Lewin-Funcke's studio . Her first order, reliefs for the Mecklenburgische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank on the Neuer Markt in Rostock (destroyed in 1934), earned her enough money to finance a study visit to Paris . She became a student of Aristide Maillol , with whom she further developed her three-dimensional skills in 1910 and 1911.
After stints in Belgium and the Netherlands, she stayed in Berlin again from 1911 to 1913. Margarete Scheel successfully participated in exhibitions of the Free Secession , of which she became a member. Leading German art magazines published works by the artist. After an exhibition in the Kunsthalle Mannheim , which was dedicated to the new art, Margarete Scheel went to Rome in 1914 , where she worked in her own studio. In the same year she took part in the Cologne Werkbund exhibition . Some German art magazines published articles about the artist and made her known to a larger audience.
In addition to working on sculptures, Margarete Scheel also turned to new art forms in the period that followed, for example, in 1919 she worked on pottery at the crafts school in Berlin . After practical work in the Guhl pottery in Teterow , she opened her own pottery workshop in Rostock in 1920. After her father's death, she and her mother moved into the house at Augustenstrasse 112, in whose garden she set up the workshop.
In 1919 Margarete Scheel confessed to the goals of the 1919 Berlin Art Labor Council , whose first spokesman and chairmen were Bruno Taut and Walter Gropius .
In 1922 Margarete Scheel became a member of the Rostock Artists' Association , which included some of the leading mecklenburg representatives of modernism in painting and architecture, such as Walter Butzek , Bruno Gimpel , Thuro Balzer and Heinrich Tessenow . She worked closely with the sculptor Hertha von Guttenberg and showed great interest in the work of the architects of New Building , such as Butzek and Gustav Wilhelm Berringer . This led to larger orders for buildings such as the new trade school, for which she created plastic jewelry. These include four larger-than-life sculptures that symbolize “color”, “iron”, “wood” and “stone”. Two works of art representing “work” and “recreation” were placed behind the building.
During the time of National Socialism from 1933 to 1945 Margarete Scheel hardly accepted any public contracts, she was opposed to National Socialism. Her nude sculptures "Handel", "Gewerbe" and "Schiffahrt", made in 1910 at the Mecklenburgische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank, were rejected by the fascist city administration. Margarete Scheel mainly worked in the studio, making small sculptures, portrait busts and pottery.
Her apartment and the studio with numerous works were destroyed in 1942 during a bomb attack on the city of Rostock. Until the end of the war she found a new place to stay in the garden city at Blumenweg 11, after which she moved to Baleckestrasse 2, where she set up a modest studio. Little is known about the last years of her life, but she continued to work on portrait busts and sculptures until her death.
Margarete Scheel died on November 9, 1969, her urn was buried on November 14 in the Rostock New Cemetery in her brother's grave.
Numerous works by Margarete Scheel shape public art in Rostock today, the Rostock art gallery owns a few small sculptures. Much of her smaller works are privately owned.
criticism
She was honored in a publication on the tenth anniversary of the Rostock Artists' Association : Alive in her bodies, a sculptor who is forever young because she has the inexhaustible power of strong sensation in her.
Works
- 1913: Gravestone of the von Flotow family in Walow near Malchow
- 1916: Grave of the Eggebrecht family in Halberstadt
- Putti and wood carvings in the Rostock cooperative bank
- figurative decoration on several buildings of the architect Paul Korff in Rostock
- around 1925: sculpture made of oak wood mother with child (motherliness)
- 1926: Artificial stone sculptures paint , iron , wood and stone above the main entrance of the Rostock industrial school
- 1926: Artificial stone sculptures Work and relaxation in the yard of the trade school
- 1926: Tympanum design on Blücherstraße 62 in Rostock
- 1935: Fountain figures in Rostock's Schillingallee
- 1935: Sculptures in the foyer and on the facade of the Sparkasse, Schillingallee
Individual evidence
- ↑ see: Baptismal register entry of the Church of St. Jakobi in Rostock No. 481/1881
- ↑ see: http://cpr.uni-rostock.de/metadata/cpr_person_00002680
- ↑ Book presentation by Bernhard Scholz ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 274 kB)
- ↑ Manifesto of the Labor Council for Art ( Memento of the original of July 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Mecklenburgische Monatshefte , Volume 5, Rostock 1929
- ↑ Mother with child ( Memento of the original from September 11, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Oscar Gehrig : The sculptor Margarete Scheel. In: Mecklenburgische Monatshefte , 1 (1925), p. 449 ff. ( Digitized version ; PDF; 2.4 MB)
- Mecklenburgische Monatshefte , 2 (1926), p. 267; 5 (1929), plate before p. 107; 8 (1932), plate before p. 101, p. 150.
- Scheel, Margarete . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century. tape 4 : Q-U . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1958, p. 177-178 .
- The sculptures of Margarete Scheel. An artist in the Rostock cityscape. In: Schweriner Volkszeitung, Mecklenburg-Magazin , No. 8/1999, p. 13.
- Hedwig Walter: Margarethe Scheel. A Rostock artist. In: Contributions to the history of the city of Rostock, New Series , Issue 7 (1987).
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Scheel, Margarete |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Scheel, Margarethe (alternative spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German sculptor and ceramist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 28, 1881 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Rostock |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 9, 1969 |
| Place of death | Rostock |