Assumption of Mary (Chammünster)

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Catholic Parish Church of the Assumption
Epitaph Georg Andreas Mathias Schwenck on Kager
The Karner

The Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary is a listed church building in Chammünster , a district of Cham in the district of Cham ( Bavaria ). It is located together with the St. Anna Chapel and a charnel house in a partially enclosed cemetery .

The stylized side view of the church with two towers in the coat of arms of the Cham district is reminiscent of the Christianization that began here. The parish belongs to the Deanery Cham in the diocese of Regensburg . As cella apud chambe , it is the original church of the Upper Bavarian Forest .

History and architecture

The Bavarian Duke Odilo donated around 50 square kilometers of land to the St. Emmeram Cathedral Monastery in Regensburg in 739 , presumably on the occasion of the re-establishment of the diocese by the Abbot Bishop . Then the monks of St. Emmeram founded the monastery on the Chamb. Bishop Baturich visited Chammünster in 819 with a large retinue and secured the legal existence of the foundation in a round trip . The document in which this tour is mentioned is the oldest known in the Upper Palatinate. The monks lived according to the rules of St. Benedict and were involved in the missionary work of Bohemia through the cathedral monastery from around 800. The first church was probably, as was common at the time, a wooden building. It was probably destroyed in one of the raids from Hungary around 910. The second church was probably built in the Romanesque style from Regensburg and destroyed by King Ottokar II of Bohemia. The construction of an early Gothic church began in the second half of the 13th century. The involvement of the Regensburg Dombauhütte can be proven by the stonemason's mark. From this third church, the north tower and the choir as well as the approach of the early Gothic triumphal arch are still preserved. The south tower had to be renewed in the 19th century because it was in disrepair. Great destruction of this third church in the Hussite Wars made it necessary to rebuild the three-aisled hall . The fourth, late Gothic church was probably built with the existing stone material on the remains of the columns and old foundations.

The outer

The church ensemble is in the square of a formerly fortified cemetery, it is a three-aisled complex with twin towers. The Anna Chapel (also called Chamerau Chapel) is in the south-west corner and the two-room Karner with the morgue, which has been built over since 1965, is in the north-east corner. The Katharinen Chapel was destroyed in Calvinist times. The so-called Seel Chapel with six death shields was in the southeast corner and is also destroyed. After that there was a schoolhouse at this point, and now the war memorial stands there.

inner space

Parish Church of the Assumption: interior

The three frescoes on the north wall date from the second half of the 15th century. They were exposed in 1912 after being whitewashed during the Calvinist era. The alliance coat of arms of the Thuringians and Chamerauers is preserved in a fresco above the second arcade, the main fresco above the central arcade shows the legend of the three living and three dead kings . The inscription on the indicated ribbons is probably what you are, we have been, what we are, you will be . The room is 46 meters long, 21 meters wide and 13.4 meters high. It is divided into a three-aisled hall by two rows of columns. Both in the transverse axis and in length, an octagonal column alternates with a round column. Slender services rise from the capitals in the central nave to form a high ribbed vault, the ribs are made of baked clay. The interior is illuminated through large, three-lane windows. The openings in the upper storey act as pure air shafts and open into the roof structure in the side aisles. The drawn-in 5/8 choir is separated from the nave by a slightly tapering, profiled arch. The presbytery shows a slight bend to the right in the longitudinal axis to the nave. According to popular interpretation, this is supposed to symbolize the bowed head of Christ crucified. In contrast to the nave, the choir is flooded with light through the three large windows. A thorough overall renovation was carried out in 1972.

Furnishing

Parish Church of the Assumption: high altar room
Right side altar
Left side altar

High altar

The baroque high altar was probably built by Fidelis Ittelsberger from Cham, who was also involved in the expansion of several other churches in the region. The altar is a high baroque stage altar . A total of 26 putti and angels accompany the rear oil painting. Figures of the apostles Peter and Paul act as guardians of the altar.

Side altars

In the altar panel of the right side altar the cladding of St. Walburga shown by her uncle Boniface . The two are surrounded by the two brothers of Walburga, Willibald and Wunibald, and their parents Richard and Wuna . The picture is probably a lot older than the altar. The figures of Barbara with goblet and sword and Katharina with book and palm act as altar guards . The altar was made in the third quarter of the 18th century and served as the high altar in the Walburgis Church on Lamberg until 1806, after which it changed several times between the Anna Chapel and Marienmünster and finally found its place as a side altar in 1936.

The left side altar was built in 1939 by the Schierer workshop in Cham on the occasion of the 1200th anniversary celebration, based on the right altar. The altarpiece shows the Archangel Michael fighting the dragon. The church painter Willi Diernhöfer painted it in 1939. In the lower part of the picture, as in anticipation of the following war, a war scenario is shown. It does not match the rest of the altar, but is remarkable as a contemporary document. The two cattle patrons, Leonhard and Wendelin, serve as altar guards .

pulpit

The pulpit from the 15th century has no sound cover and is equipped with Gothic blind arcades. A pulpit in a similar design is located in Neuötting.

Baptismal fonts

The oldest piece of equipment in the church is a Romanesque font in the shape of a hemisphere. As it stood unprotected in the cemetery for a long time and was exposed to the weather there, it is badly weathered. The later Prince Regent Luitpold arranged for its security. Around the pool you can see Christ and the twelve apostles, with plant ornaments in between. The four stone slabs on which it stands come from the former Katharinenkapelle above the Karner.

Another baptismal font in the form of an egg is in the south aisle. Leaf motifs can be seen between the blind arcades, the base is decorated with corner bulbs.

Protective mantle Madonna

The protective mantle Madonna at the organ was probably donated by the bakers' guild. It has a peculiarity that was only discovered in the 20th century: the child on Mary's arm already shows the stigmata. Under the cloak Mary hides 14 men of the clergy on one side and 14 men of the secular class on the other, their faces show portraits.

Stained glass

In the Calvinist era, a number of colored and figurative glass windows were destroyed. Windows in the tracery from around 1300 are preserved in the choir. The stained glass with figurative representation in the last three-lane window of the south aisle dates from the 15th century. It shows a side figure of the risen Christ, flanked by two angels making music. They were wrongly interpreted as Luther and Melanchthon by the Calvinists and therefore not destroyed. The inscription below reads Emperor Heinrich and his wife Kunigund. The Lords of Chammünster had this glass made in honor of God and his mother Maria in 1476 . The stained glass windows on the high altar depicting the Annunciation and her coronation were made in 1904 by the Schneider court glass painting workshop in Regensburg.

Gravestones and epitaphs

About 130 epitaphs and tombstones are preserved on the walls, the outer walls and in the floor of the interior. They come from different eras, from the early 13th century to modern times. Twenty noble families had their hereditary funerals in the church. The tombs of the noble Poysl family on Loifling were in the first yoke of the south aisle; 13 epitaphs have been preserved from this family. Probably the most interesting is the one for Johann Michael Poyßl, who was born in 1597 and died in 1700 - thus he was 103 years old. The oldest grave slab is probably the one for Reicherus de Lengau, but the fragments of the cross slabs walled up on the pillars may be even older. Some important churchmen are buried in the minster, and they are commemorated with an epitaph; According to the Bavarian historian and first preacher in Cham, Hans Kraft, he died in 1495. The dean Leonhard Stettner died in 1467, and the first Protestant dean and pastor Oswald Rulant died in 1578. Many of the surviving epitaphs show a Greek cross surrounded by a wreath of honor is. This serves as an indication that the deceased took part in a crusade or was a member of the Teutonic Order .

Holy figures

On the gallery parapet and on the pillars there are some figures of saints. To the right and left of the north portal there are two representations of saints, which cannot be clearly assigned due to the lack of corresponding attributes . It is believed to be St. Augustine and the blessed Gerhoch . Further figures represent the Saints Johannes Evangelist with chalice and snake, Franz von Sales with cross, the two diocesan patrons Wolfgang and Emmeram as well as the parents Maria Joachim and Anna.

Sanctuary

The two altar leaves come from the former Anna chapel, they show the apostle John, John the Baptist and John Nepomuk. There are also four pyramid-like reliquary shrines framed by acanthus in this area. The baroque cross on the right wall is expressive. A tapestry from the 20th century completes the furnishings in the chancel. It shows St. Francis Xavier preaching to the King of Amanguzi in Japan . The work is 370 cm high and 230 cm wide. The tapestry originally hung in the Jesuit college in Straubing, based on a copper engraving from 1708 from Antwerp.

Historic furnishings

Only the neo-Gothic choir stalls are preserved from the historical furnishings.

Karner

The barrel-vaulted, rectangular basement of the Karner, presumably built in the 13th century, can be found under the morgue. The modern morgue was raised above the vaults of the former St. Catherine's Chapel, and Calvinists destroyed the upper floor of the Romanesque building. These vaults are believed to contain around 5,000 skulls and an unknown number of bones from people from the Middle Ages.

literature

  • Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Volume 5. Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate. Revision

by Jolanda Drexler and Achim Hubel. Deutscher Kunstverlag 1991, pp. 98-101.

  • Hebauer, Franz Xaver: Maria Himmelfahrt Chammünster (Schnell, Art Guide No. 795), Regensburg 2002.
  • Richter, Haymo: The Marienmünster to Chammünster: Mother Church of the Upper Bavarian Forest , in: The

Bayerwald Vol. 104 (Straubing 2012), Issue 2, pp. 24–26.

  • 1250 years of Chammünster (published by the parish council of Chammünster), Chammünster 1989.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christianization
  2. ↑ Dean's office
  3. ↑ Belonging to the diocese
  4. ↑ Designation as an early church
  5. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 2
  6. ↑ Founding ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / et4.cham.de
  7. ↑ Various construction phases ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / et4.cham.de
  8. ↑ a b Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 15
  9. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 16
  10. ↑ Fresken on the north wall ( Memento of the original from December 22nd, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / et4.cham.de
  11. ↑ a b c d Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 8
  12. ↑ a b Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 4
  13. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 6
  14. ↑ renovation
  15. ↑ high altar
  16. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 6
  17. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 10
  18. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 9
  19. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 10
  20. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002, page 11
  21. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 14
  22. ↑ Schnell Art Guide No. 795 Verlag Schnell & Steiner Regensburg, 4th edition 2002 page 14
  23. ↑ Karner

Coordinates: 49 ° 12 ′ 40.7 "  N , 12 ° 41 ′ 39.1"  E