Maria Benigna Franziska of Saxony-Lauenburg

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Maria Benigna Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg (born July 10, 1635 in Regensburg ; † December 1, 1701 in Vienna ) was a princess of Sachsen-Lauenburg and by marriage was Princess Piccolomini, Duchess of Amalfi and mistress of the East Bohemian rule Nachod .

Life

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Maria Benigna was a daughter of Duke Julius Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg († 1665) from his third marriage to Anna Magdalene († 1668), daughter of Baron Wilhelm Popel von Lobkowitz .

On June 4, 1651, the then 16-year-old Maria Benigna married the 52-year-old Duke Octavio Piccolomini in Prague . He was an imperial general and in 1634 had received the reign of Nachod from Emperor Ferdinand II as a reward for the services he had acquired in the Thirty Years' War . This had previously belonged to the imperial general Adam Erdmann Trčka von Lípa , who was murdered in Eger in 1634 for treason .

After the wedding, Octavio and Maria Benigna moved their summer residence to Náchod Castle , which was rebuilt for representative purposes in 1651–1655 under the direction of the master builder Carlo Lurago and the so-called Piccolomini wing was added. Probably because of this, Octavio left Maria Benigna with an enormous debt burden when he died in 1656.

Since the marriage remained childless, the Nachod rule came to Octvio's great-nephew Enea Silvio Piccolomini in a will in 1656 , with an annual allowance of 9,000 guilders for the widow Maria Benigna . Since Enea Silvio was only three years old when he inherited, Count Johann Sebastian Pötting ( Jan Šebastián z Pöttingu ) was appointed his guardian and regent of the Nachod reign. This led to a dispute with Maria Benigna, who was not prepared to give up the reign. In 1664 she achieved that she was used as regent until Eneas Silvios came of age. That same year she asked the city council to promise loyalty and allegiance. Further disagreements arose when she caused the court chancellery to only conduct correspondence in German. Although she was supported by the post- dean , the Italian Giovanni Guglielmo de Ronne ( Jan Bedřich de Ronne ), she was unable to assert herself against her subordinates by demanding that the services in the parish church of St. Laurentius should also be held in German.

Even after Duke Eneas Silvio came of age in 1671 and reached a settlement with Maria Benigna, which provided for financial compensation for Maria Benigna, she carried out the administration for another eight years. However, Enea Silvio died two years later. His successor was his younger brother Lorenzo Piccolomini , who was not yet of legal age and was therefore under the tutelage of the Italian nobleman Pietro Antonio Machio de Quadiani until 1679. On May 2, 1679, Emperor Leopold I decreed that Maria Benigna had to hand over her reign to Duke Lorenzo. At the same time he installed Pietro Antonio de Quadiani as the Duke's agent. After Quadliani arrived in Nachod with an imperial commission, Maria Benigna agreed to an agreement that gave her half of the income from the Nachod reign. Only when on January 19, 1684 Ferdinand Rudolf Dobřenský of Dobřenitz ( Dobřenský for Dobrenić ) as official receiver was used, Maria Benigna left in 1685 Nachod and went to Prague. Despite this, she received 4,000 guilders a year until 1689. As early as 1669 she had acquired the Niederhof in Oberhannsdorf and in 1684 the higher courts over Gut Neudeck in the neighboring county of Glatz .

Maria Benigna died in Vienna in 1701. She left behind an extremely valuable library, the so-called Troilo Piccolomini Library , which her father had already started.

literature

  • Arnold von Weyhe-Eimke: Octavio Piccolomini as Duke of Amalfi, knight of the golden fleece, German imperial prince and consort of Princess Maria Benigna Franziska von Sachsen-Lauenburg: Sources study from the castle archive of Nachod by Arnold von Weyhe-Eimke . Steinhauser & Korb, Pilsen 1871 online .
  • EH Kneschke: New general German nobility lexicon, in association with several historians , 1867, p. 141
  • Jan Karel Hraše: Dějiny Náchoda 1620 - 1740 , Náchod 1994, ISBN 80-900041-8-0 , pp. 52–68
  • Lydia Baštecká, Ivana Ebelová: Náchod . Náchod 2004, ISBN 80-7106-674-5 , pp. 98f., 102f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Axel E. Walter: Regional cultural space and intellectual communication from humanism to the age of the Internet , Volume 36, Rodopi, 2005, p. 475
  2. ↑ Hellmut Seemann: Europe in Weimar: Visions of a Continent , Wallstein Verlag, 2008, p. 76
personal data
SURNAME Maria Benigna Franziska of Saxony-Lauenburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Princess Piccolomini, Duchess of Amalfi
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1635
PLACE OF BIRTH regensburg
DATE OF DEATH December 1, 1701
Place of death Vienna