Maria Pechtol

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Maria Josefa Rosl Pechtol (born October 6, 1918 in Temesvár , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary ; † July 25, 2003 in Stuttgart ) was a German specialist in German , linguist and professor at the Western University of Timișoara .

Life

Maria Pechtold was the daughter of Josef Schütz , the director of the Banatia teacher training institute in Timișoara. From 1928 to 1931 she attended the lower grammar school, then from 1931 to 1936 the Lyceum of the Poor School Sisters Notre Dame there . From 1937 to 1940 she worked as a secretary at the Banatia. From 1941 to 1945 she studied German , Latin , French , Romanian , philosophy and history at the University of Vienna , where she received her doctorate in 1944 under Josef Nadler on the subject of "The History of Timisoara German Theater in the 19th Century". She was banned from wearing her doctorate in the wake of the communist takeover in Romania . From 1945 to 1950 Maria Pechtol was affected by the deportation of Romanian Germans to the Soviet Union . Between 1950 and 1959 she first worked as a German teacher at the Pedagogical College in Timișoara, then from 1958 at the German Studies Chair at the Pedagogical College and later university until she retired in October 1973. In 1978 Maria Pechtol left for the Federal Republic of Germany, where she and her husband settled in Herrenberg . She died in Stuttgart in 2003.

From 1958 to 1961 Pechtol worked as a research assistant and from 1961 to 1973 as a lecturer for linguistics at the German language and literature department of the Western University of Timișoara . In the university year 1968–1969 she gave lectures on Banat dialectology , which were later continued by Peter Kottler . Further lectures by Pechtol dealt with the history of the German language and comparative grammar of the Germanic languages. With Stefan Binder and Hans Weresch , Maria Pechtol put together two volumes of literary text collections for students in 1974. From 1962 to 1974 she supervised 39 graduate theses in the fields of Banat-German dialectology and folklore with the aim of researching the German dialects in the Banat. Another focal point in Pechtol's research was the German State Theater Timişoara .

Theater studies

In the field of theater studies, Maria Pechtol published “Thalia in Temeswar. The history of Timisoara German theater in the 18th and 19th centuries. ”The work deals with the beginning of acting in Timisoara from 1764, its development with high points and phases of stagnation, parallel to the temporary upswing of the Singspiel, the displacement of German-speaking theater by the Hungarian theater End of the 19th century and the reopening of the German-speaking stage in Timișoara in 1953. A short version of this work was published in 1981 in Munich in the theater section of the anthology “A thousand years of neighborhood. Germans in Southeast Europe ”, in addition to investigations into the popular drama of Southeast Europe and the German-language theater in Transylvania and in Chernivtsi. Before publication in Bucharest's Kriterion Verlag, “Thalia in Timisoara” appeared in 1970 as a preprint in two series (18th and 19th centuries) in the Neue Banater Zeitung (NBZ). In December 1970 she published her article “Fidelio in Timisoara. For the 200th anniversary of Beethoven's birthday ”.

Dialect research

At the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, Maria Pechtol published linguistic articles on the use of language and the maintenance of colloquial German in Romania's German-language press . In the “Our Language” section of the NBZ, comments from Pechtol appeared in which she referred to sources of error in the Timisoara colloquial German and in the German dialects of the Banat due to linguistic interference with the Romanian state language. Here, between 1969 and 1971, Pechtol published linguistic studies on the synonymy of numerous words from the basic vocabulary of dialectal lexicons , which came from the student collections and from field research carried out by the chair with a view to a Banat language atlas. The essays on: “Sieße Got, Saurer Phat”, “Grandmother, Grandi, Grandma?”, “Maje or going on a visit”, “Vom Gaul”, “Bollerloch and other games” are representative of this series.

Since the beginning of her activity at the German department, Pechtol worked alongside Stefan Binder , Johann Wolf and Hans Weresch in the working group for dialect research. From the summer of 1972 she took part alongside Peter Kottler and Cristina Stanciu with students of the chair in field research to record the Banat German dialect. For the planned Banat German dialect dictionary, she supervised 39 dialectological examinations by graduates and guided students in excerpting dialect literature. From 1971 to 1973 the series "Swabian Dictionary" appeared in the NBZ.

Her essay series "From the Treasure of the Banat German Dialects" dealt in nine episodes with Middle High German and older elements in the basic vocabulary of the Banat Swabian dialects with changes in meaning in individual local dialects. In 1970 her study “What the Schwowe parliere. French vocabulary in the Banat dialects ”, in which she dealt with the French vocabulary brought back from the areas of origin of the settlers and thus found indications of the settlement of French colonists in the Banat. Her six-volume series "Romanian loan words in the Banat German dialects", published in 1972, distinguishes between older and new loan words taken over after 1944. In 1971 she dealt in twelve episodes with "Hungarian Fiefs in the Banat German Dialects" since the middle of the 19th century. At the end of 1972 the “Serbian Lehngut in den Banat German dialects”, described in two episodes, appeared. The final series of the "Swabian Dictionary" published in 1973, like the introductory series, is dedicated to older dialectal word forms and deals in four episodes with "Disease names in the Banat German dialects". The dictionary of the Banat German dialects planned by Maria Pechtol remained unfinished.

Publications (selection)

  • Reader for the VI. Class, Bucharest 1953
  • German language teaching and spelling for the V.-VII. Class, Bucharest 1954
  • German language and spelling (together with Paula Knopf), Bucharest 1955
  • “Selection of German texts from the oldest times to the 17th century”, Timișoara 1958
  • “Thalia in Timisoara. The History of Timisoara German Theater in the 18th and 19th Centuries ”, Kriterion Verlag, Bucharest 1972
  • "Comparative grammar of the Germanic languages", Timișoara University Printing Office 1974
  • “The Timisoara German Theater in the 18th and 19th Centuries”, In: “A thousand years of neighborhood. Germans in Southeastern Europe. ”Ed. Ostdeutscher Kulturrat Foundation, Bonn. Munich 1981

Linguistic topics of the German minority in Romania were mainly published in the German-language press. From 1971 onwards, several series of essays by Maria Pechtol were published in the NBZ under the title "Swabian Dictionary":

  • “What the Schwowe parlate. French vocabulary in the Banat dialects ”, Timișoara 1970
  • "From the treasure of the Banat German dialects", nine episodes, Timișoara 1971
  • "Hungarian fiefdom in the Banat German dialects", twelve episodes, Timișoara 1971
  • "Romanian loan words in the Banat German dialects", six episodes, Timișoara 1972
  • “Serbian Lehngut in the Banat German Dialects”, two episodes, Timișoara 1972
  • "Disease names in the Banat German dialects", four episodes, Timișoara 1973

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Anton Peter Petri : Biographisches Lexikon des Banater Deutschtums, Theodor Breit Verlag, Marquartstein 1992, ISBN 3-922046-76-2
  2. ↑ a b c d e f kulturraum-banat.de , Hans Gehl: 50 years of Temeswar German studies chair
  3. ↑ e-scoala.ro , Hans Gehl: Maria Pechtols years as a university teacher
  4. ↑ a b c books.google.de , Internationales Germanistenlexikon 1800-1950, Volume 1
personal data
SURNAME Pechtol, Maria
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pechtold, Maria Josefa Rosl (full name); Schütz, Maria Rosl (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philologist, linguist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH October 6, 1918
PLACE OF BIRTH Temesvár , Kingdom of Hungary , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH July 25, 2003
Place of death Stuttgart