Marienbaum
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Marienbaum
City of Xanten
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| Height : | 20 m |
| Area : | 16.26 km² |
| Residents : | 1941 (1996) |
| Population density : | 119 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st July 1969 |
| Postal code : | 46509 |
| Area code : | 02804 |
  Location of Marienbaum in Xanten
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Marienbaum is a district of the city of Xanten and forms the city district of Marienbaum with the surrounding area . Marienbaum claims the title of “the oldest active pilgrimage site in the Lower Rhine ”.
history
Already in the 11th century there was evidence of settlement in the forest and meadow landscape of Marienbaum, 7 km from the city center of Xanten, when a church was founded by the surrounding farmers in today's district of Vynen , in which “ Broechem ” as today's Marienbaum was also involved. In 1419 the " Haus Balken " was built in Broechem .
The pilgrimage history of Marienbaum begins in 1430 when, according to legend, a paralyzed shepherd discovered a figure of Mary in the crown of a stepped oak and then recovered. 8 years later, the construction of a chapel began at the site, which was called “ An gen Trappenboom ”. The construction was completed in 1441 and pilgrims visited Marienbaum. In 1460 Mary of Burgundy founded a double monastery near the chapel according to the rule of Birgitta of Sweden . While Marienbaum still had 17 hearths in 1590, 110 inhabitants lived there in 23 houses and almost 80 members of the monastery in 1705. Between 1712 and 1714 the chapel was partially demolished and the Church of St. Mary of the Assumption was built above it .
Under Napoleonic rule the monastery was secularized and the church was converted into a parish church. The monastery buildings, however, were demolished and a population census counted 365 inhabitants.
In the spring of 1945, when the Lower Rhine became a frontline area in the course of the Second World War , the Marienbaum station gained strategic importance. During the battle on Totenhügel near Uedem in February 1945, the tanks were always transported via the Marienbaum train station. This was part of Operation Blockbuster . The community, 40 percent of which was destroyed in the bombing raids on Marienbaum on February 27 and 28, 1945, was rebuilt in the following years.
On July 1, 1969, Marienbaum was incorporated into the town of Xanten and in 1973 was awarded the title “ Golddorf ” as the most beautiful village in the Lower Rhine. On June 4, 1999, Marienbaum won the district preliminary decision of the competition Our village should become more beautiful in the Wesel district , after it had previously taken second place several times.
Up to and including 1989 there was a single-track rail connection between the cities of Xanten and Kleve . a. also crossed Marienbaum and the municipalities of Kalkar and Bedburg-Hau . The railway line was shut down in December 1989. Today, an avenue cycle path runs completely on the route surface in Xanten city area, in Kalkar city area partially.
Today, almost 15,000 pilgrims travel to Marienbaum, a town with a population of 2,000, every year.
coat of arms
Blazon : On a blue background a silver (white) oak with three branches and 8: 7: 8 leaves and three root branches. A golden (yellow) lily each in the front and back of the shield base. The coat of arms was approved by the district president in Düsseldorf on April 24, 1961.
Meaning: This is a so-called "talking coat of arms" - the lilies stand for St. Maria = Mary and the oak for "tree". The lilies also indicate that the community belongs to the Duchy of Kleve .
Attractions
- St. Mariä Himmelfahrt , a pilgrimage church with an attached pilgrimage museum
- Monument to Mary of Burgundy, founder of the former Birgittine convent Marienbaum
- Marienbaum is located in the immediate vicinity of the Uedemer Hochwald nature reserve
Personalities from Marienbaum
- Bols Arnold, first rector of the chapel from 1446
- de Graenley. Jacoubs, pastor in Vynen and builder of the first chapel
- Deymann, Johann Heinrich (1730–1793), builder of the oil mill on Deymanns Hof in Marienbaum
- Deymann, Jean Martin (1815–1889), founder of the Wallony liquor factory in Belgium
- Jordans, Theodor (1863–1953), farmer and politician
- Mainz, Wilhelm, well-known chess player
- Timmermann, Karl (1952), German singer, composer and musician
- Underberg, Emil - Managing Director of Underberg and currently residing in Marienbaum (Haus Balken)
literature
- Willem van Gherwen: History of the Van Marien boom: Verdeelt in dry Deelen. Het first Deel. Van de Vindinge van het Mirakeleus Beelt. Het tweede Deel. Van de Opkomste des Kloosters. Het derde Deel. Van de Mirakelen also happened by de Voor-spraeck van de Heylige Maget Maria . Abbema, Embrik 1711 ( digitized version )
- JM Kreiten: Description of the former monastery of Marienbaum again historically on the light . Qualburg 1845 ( digitized edition )
- Stroband, Bernhard: The history of the pilgrimage site Marienbaum on the Lower Rhine ; 1898. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf
- Robert Scholten : Marienbaum as a place of pilgrimage and former Birgittinnen double monastery . Gesthuysen, Xanten 1909 ( digitized version )
- Klein, Elisabeth: The Marienbaum Local History Museum , 1986.
- Hohmann, Karl-Heinz: The parish and pilgrimage church of St. Mary's Assumption in Marienbaum , 1993.
- Lehmann, Klaus Michael: The Deymann watermill in Marienbaum , 1993.
- Max Creutz : Marienbaum and his art treasures , 1927.
- The art monuments of the Rhine Province 13, 1892, p. 34 ff.
- Bergmann, Ludwig: Miracle reports from the pilgrimage sites Marienbaum and Kevelaer , in: Buscher, G .: Marienbaum, contributions to the history of his Birgittenkloster , in: Annalen des Historisches Verein für den Niederrhein 158, 1956, pp. 139 ff.
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.ibiblio.org - 'official history of the canadian army'
- ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 103 .
- ↑ [1] Description of the coat of arms "Heraldry of the World"
