Maria Alexandrovna Lochvitskaya

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Marija Alexandrovna Lochwitskaja (1901)

Marija Alexandrovna Lochwizkaja ( Russian Мария Александровна Лохвицкая ; born November 19 . Jul / 1. December  1869 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † August 27 jul. / 9. September  1905 greg. Ibid) was a Russian poet . For her literary work she used the pseudonym Mirra Lochwizkaja ( Russian Мирра Лохвицкая ).

Life

Lochwizkaja's parents were the noble lawyer Alexander Vladimirovich Lochwizki and his French wife Varvara Alexandrovna nee Hoer, who was passionate about literature . In 1874 the family moved to Moscow . In 1882, Lochwitskaya entered the Alexander Citizens School (later the Moscow Alexander Institute) as a boarding school student. She started writing poetry at the age of 15 , and her talent was immediately noticed. Shortly before completing her schooling, she published a brochure with two poems with the permission of the school administration . In 1888 she completed her training as a certified private tutor and returned to St. Petersburg to live with her mother, who had returned to St. Petersburg in 1884 after the death of her husband.

Lochwitskaja made his debut in 1889 with poetry in the St. Petersburg magazine Sewer . This was followed by publications in Sewerny Westnik and other magazines. She signed her works first with M. Lochwizkaja and then with Mirra ( Myrrh ) Lochwizkaja . Her friends and acquaintances soon used this name to address her. Among her acquaintances included Vsevolod Sergeyevich Solovyov , Ieronim Ieronimowitsch Jassinski , Vasily Ivanovich Nemirovich-Danchenko , Apollon Apollonowitsch Korinfski , Pyotr Petrovich Gneditsch and Vladimir Solovyov and the Siberia researcher Nikolai Lvovich Gondatti . In 1891, Lochwizkaja married the civil engineer Yevgeny Ernestowitsch Gibert, son of the French architect and dacha neighbor in Oranienbaum Ernest Gibert . A year later, the couple left St. Petersburg and lived first in Yaroslavl and then in Moscow. They had five sons: Mikhail (1891-1967 suicide ), Jewgeni (1893-1942), Vladimir (1895-1941), Ismail (1900-1924 suicide) and Valeri (* 1904). Lochwitskaja's relationship with Konstantin Dmitrijewitsch Balmont , whom she probably met in Crimea in 1895, was discussed .

In 1896, Lochwizkaya published her first collection of poems and one year later she received the Pushkin Prize from the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences . Back in St. Petersburg, she felt bound to her home and children and rarely appeared in public. In Konstantin Konstantinowitsch Slutschewski's literary circle, too , she rarely appeared because of her own illness or illness of the children. Of the Symbolists her stood Fyodor Sologub the next. Isabella Arkadievna Grinevskaya was one of her friends . At that time, Lochvitskaya was practically the only commercially successful poet of her generation. Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy viewed her early poems with indulgence. In 1900 her third anthology was published with new poems and three dramatic works. A fourth collection followed, and the fifth was published after her death in 1905. Mikhail Gershenzon described in a review , the mystical search for the poet. Lochwizkaja's poems can be found on the Internet. Lochwitskaya is seen as an important representative of the Silver Age of Russian literature and as a pioneer for Anna Andreevna Akhmatova and Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva .

In the late 1890s, Lochvitskaya's health deteriorated. She complained of heart pain, depression, and nightmares . She spent the summers at the dacha in the Grand Duchy of Finland . For the pain, she resorted to injections of morphine . She died of diphtheria and Basedow's disease in the Bechterew Clinic in St. Petersburg .

Lochwizkaja's siblings were the older Lieutenant General Nikolai Alexandrovich Lochwizki and the younger poet Nadezhda Alexandrovna Lochwizkaja (Teffi).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Краткая литературная энциклопедия (КЛЭ), Т. 4 . Советская энциклопедия, Moscow 1962, p. 434–435 ( ЛО́ХВИЦКАЯ, Мирра Александровна [accessed March 27, 2018]).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f М. Лохвицкая. Биография (accessed March 27, 2018).
  3. ↑ a b Серебряный век: Мирра Лохвицкая Биография (accessed March 27, 2018).
  4. ↑ Wengerow S .: Лохвицкая (Мария Александровна, по мужу - Жибер) . In: Brockhaus-Efron . доп. т. II, 1906, p. 100-101 ( Wikisource [accessed March 27, 2018]).
  5. ↑ Немирович-Данченко В. И .: Сборник воспоминаний « На кладбищах » . Reval 1922 ( mirrelia.ru [accessed March 27, 2018]).
  6. ↑ Мирра Лохвицкая - стихи (accessed March 27, 2018).
  7. ^ IMSLP: Works with text by: Lokhvitskaya, Mirra (accessed March 27, 2018).
  8. ↑ Casimir John Norkeliunas: Mirra Lokhvitskaya: A Russian Symbolist Poet of Decadence (1869-1905) (accessed March 27, 2018).
  9. ↑ Загуляева, Юлия: « Петербургские письма ». Некролог . In: Московские ведомости . No. 245 , September 7, 1905 ( mirrelia.ru [accessed March 27, 2018]).
  10. ↑ Fiedler FF : Из мира литераторов. Характеры и суждения . Moscow 2008, p. 413 .
personal data
SURNAME Lochvitskaya, Marija Alexandrovna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Lochvitskaya, Mirra; Лохвицкая, Мария Александровна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian poet
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1905
Place of death St. Petersburg