Marina Yurlova

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The picture is said to show the wounded Marina Yurlova in 1918 in Vladivostok.

Marina Yurlova , Russian Марина Максимилиановна Юрлова 'Marina Maximilianowna Jurlowa' ; (* February 25, 1900 in Rajewskaja near Jekaterinodar ; † April 1984 in New York ) was a Cossack , in the First World War she served in the Russian army . In 1917 she experienced the October Revolution and fled to the United States . She was also a writer and expression dancer to classical music. Her autobiography made the "Cossack girl" known, but was also criticized as untrustworthy.

Life

After the beginning of the First World War, Yurlova looked unsuccessfully for her father, who as a colonel of the Cossacks had been summoned by the Kuban to serve in the war. To do this, she got on a train and went with a military train . She kept silent about her origin and relationship with the colonel, as she was afraid of being sent back. According to her own statements, at the age of 14 she joined a reconnaissance unit of the 3rd Yekaterinodar Cossack Regiment and took part in the fighting as a child soldier. She was wounded several times.

She initially helped with the care of the Cossack horses. When one of the generals was looking for volunteers to blow a bridge, Yurlova volunteered as she wanted to fight the enemy directly. In fact, she was assigned to a detachment team and was wounded for the first time in the course of that operation. Because of the spreading gangrene , she was threatened with amputation of a leg. However, this operation did not come about, and Yurlova was cured without losing her leg. A short time later she was awarded the George Cross for her commitment.

In the summer of 1917, Yurlova served as a driver to supply the fighting troops with supplies. The young Cossack survived the World War as a soldier, in which she suffered a severe concussion in Persia in 1917 while traveling on behalf of the Red Cross. Overall, she was awarded three St. George's Crosses for bravery during the war. After her recovery, she took part in the fighting for the city of Kazan with the Czechoslovak legions . Here she was wounded in the shoulder while defending an ammunition factory and evacuated in an ambulance during the withdrawal from Kazan on September 10 and 11, 1918. She was taken to a hospital in Omsk and was finally able to escape the Russian civil war and the impending execution in April 1919 with the help of a Czech officer . She first got to Vladivostok and was then able to reach Japan on a ship. A medical record from Vladivostok to certify that Yurlova suffered because of their injuries suffered in the war at a traumatic neurosis, resulting in hysterical attacks and convulsive muscle twitching made both in his right hand as felt in the face.

Works and career as a dancer

Yurlova first learned Japanese and dance in Japan . She then moved to the United States, where she initially stayed in San Francisco before she came to New York, where she lived in Manhattan and worked as a typist . She devoted herself to working on new books and performed in dance events in the evening. In 1934 she began recording her memories in the autobiography Cossack Girl . The book has been translated into several languages ​​and is available in Danish Cossack or Japanese 戦 場 の 乙 女 Senjō no otome . She wrote other books and a play.

Yurlova was revered as Princess Marina Yurlova and appeared as a highly regarded dancer in San Francisco as early as 1923. It was seen in the summer of 1932 in Hollywood's Playhouse Theater or at events of the Open Air Ballet Company in Regent's Park in London.

On April 28, 1935, she made her debut in New York Town Hall with the performance of Spanish dances with the pianist James Quillian. He played works by Isaac Albéniz , Manuel de Falla , Enrique Granados and Maurice Ravel . The debut was followed by other appearances with Spanish dances in the Town Hall, which appeared authentic in form, but were perceived as strange in style and temperament, as is inevitable for foreigners. Nevertheless, they were enthusiastically received by the audience. Yurlova first appeared in the Town Hall in a benefit concert for the benefit of the Russian Refugee Children's Welfare Association Inc. with this program, in which she performed "Fantasia Negra" and dance No. 7 "Valencia" to the music of Granados, dances from Castile or performed the “Abancia” to the music of Albéniz, the “ Boléro ” by Ravel and “La Corrida” by Joaquín Valverde.

Yurlova wrote a play under the name Marina M. Hyer Yurlova called The Mad Tzars (The Mad Tzars).

Familiar

Yurlova's date of birth is not exactly known. She herself stated in her autobiographies that she was 14 years old in 1914 when her father was called up for the war. Hence, it is believed that she was born in 1900, as stated in the book Little Hands in the Great War , for example . There is also information about her later name, Marina Hyer, which names 1900 as the year of her birth. This is contrasted with a report about her stay in a retirement home, in which the reporter John F. Burns of the New York Times stated that Yurlova was already 78 years old in February 1976, i.e. must have been at least two years older.

Yurlova was married to the cinematographer William C. Hyer (* 1894) and died in New York in 1984.

reception

Doubts about authenticity

Shortly after the appearance of Cossack Girl , there were also critical voices who questioned the veracity of the stories. For example, on February 14, 1934, the article A Wonder of Wonders appeared in The Brooklyn Daily Eagle , in which her words were openly questioned. The author described this with the words:

“So we will have to take Marina Yurlova at her word in the manner of one who, once it has been accomplished, if ever, returns from Mars to tell us the canals are flowing with limpid rosewater between graven banks of chalcedony and lapis lazuli. To the Western mind her adventures are unthinkable, and therefore, are not, but alas for the Western mind, too often the East has made mock of our thoughts. "

“So we will have to believe Marina Yurlova's words, just like someone who, should this ever succeed, returns from Mars to tell us that clear rose water flows in the Martian canals between deep banks of chalcedony and lapis lazuli. For a reader from the West, their adventures are unimaginable, and that's why they are not, but unfortunately, for the reader from the West, the East has shown us all too often. "

The author of the book review in the New York Times also found it difficult to believe the story:

“The publisher's blurb assures the reader that this is a true story, an assurance that is much needed as its narrative advances from one incredible incident to another […].”

“The blurb reassures the reader that this is a true story. An assurance that is truly needed, because the story moves from one incredible event to the next [...]. "

Prohibition and filming

Her first autobiography "Kosak Maria" fell under the category of " literature to be sorted out " in the Soviet occupation zone in 1946 - possession and reading were forbidden under threat of punishment.

In the docu-drama series 14 - Diaries of the First World War and War of Dreams , which were broadcast for the first time on ARTE in 2014 on the 100th anniversary of the beginning and in 2018 at the end of the First World War, Yurlova's experiences during the war are presented episodically. She was portrayed by the German actress Natalia Witmer from Omsk , Russia .

Fonts

Title page by Cossack Maria. Memories of a female front soldier from the war and revolution of 1937

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marina Hyer on familysearch.org
  2. ↑ Cossack Girl - Marina Yurlova on content.time.com.
  3. ↑ Yuri and Sonya Winterberg: Small hands in the great war. Children's fates in the First World War. Aufbau-Verlag digital, Berlin 2014, Google books
  4. ↑ Marina Yurlova on 14-tagebuecher.de
  5. ↑ medical records of Marina Maksimilyanovny Yurlova on s40.radikal.ru (Russian)
  6. ↑ George Tucker: About New York. in: The Daily News. Ludington April 3, 1934.
  7. ↑ Marina Yurlova ( memento from June 29, 2014 in the web archive archive.today ) on mhmbw.de.
  8. ↑ Princess Dances - Her Way to Fame (PDF) In: Buffalo Courier. February 18, 1923.
  9. ↑ Article: Open Air Ballet (Company). OCLC 82637209 .
  10. ↑ Yurlova Makes Debut. In: The New York Times . April 29, 1935 ( nytimes.com ).
  11. ↑ John Martin: The Dance: An Exile Returns . In: The New York Times . October 6, 1935 ( query.nytimes.com ).
  12. ^ J. M .: Yurlova is Seen in Spanish Dances. Artist Said to Have Fought in Cossack Army Gives Program by Popular Composers . In: New York Times . December 6, 1935 ( query.nytimes.com ).
  13. ↑ John Martin: The Dance: Shawn's Men . In: The New York Times . April 10, 1938 ( query.nytimes.com ).
  14. ↑ Valencia by Granados on classical-music-online.net.
  15. ↑ La Corrida record on digital.march.es
  16. ^ The Dance - Marina Yurlova on newspapers.com in: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 29, 1935, p. 21.
  17. ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries. Dramatic Compositions and Motion Pictures. New Series, Volume 10, Part 1. 1937 on archive.org.
  18. ↑ a b Little hands in the Great War on books.google.de
  19. ↑ According to Jhon F. Bruns, she was already 78 years old in February 1976: John F. Burns: Stain Lays 'Windfalls' to Adult Homes . In: The New York Times . February 24, 1976 ( online ). However, according to her information in Cossack Girl , she was only 14 years old in 1914.
  20. ^ Hyer, William C. In: International Motion Picture Almanac 1937-38. on mocavo.com
  21. ↑ A Wonder of Wonders on newspapers.com
  22. ↑ A Cossack Amazon . In: New York Times . March 4, 1934 ( query.nytimes.com ).
  23. ↑ Yurlova, Marina - Kosack Maria. P. 174, on archive.org.
  24. ↑ Natalia Witmer on schauspielervideos.de.
personal data
SURNAME Yurlova, Marina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Юрлова, Марина Максимилиановна (Russian); Jurlowa, Marina Maximilijanowna (German); Hyer, Marina; Hyer Yurlova, Marina M.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian child soldier, dancer and author
DATE OF BIRTH February 25, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Raevskaya , Ekaterinodar , Caucasus
DATE OF DEATH April 1984
Place of death new York