Marthe Louise Vogt

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Marthe Louise Vogt (born September 8, 1903 in Berlin , † September 9, 2003 in San Diego , California ) was a German pharmacologist .

Life

Marthe Vogt was the elder of two daughters of Oskar Vogt and Cécile Vogt , both doctors and brain researchers. In 1903 the parents worked in the neurobiological laboratory of the Berlin Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität , later the Humboldt-Universität, which Oskar Vogt headed and in 1914 in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research in Berlin-Buch , which was again headed by Oskar Vogt Max Planck Institute for Brain Research in Frankfurt am Main. After graduating from high school in 1922, Marthe Vogt began studying medicine and chemistry at the Friedrich Wilhelms University. Wilhelm Schlenk and Friedrich Adolf Paneth were among her teachers, who influenced her to work on medical questions with the help of chemistry .

After completing her medical studies in 1927 and a practical year, which she spent in equal parts in the hospital and in her father's laboratory, she obtained a doctorate in medicine on May 9, 1928. After two years in the Carl Neuberg laboratory at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biochemistry, she earned a doctorate in chemistry on September 27, 1929 with a thesis on carbohydrate metabolism and then became an assistant at Paul Trendelenburg's Berlin Pharmacological Institute . After his early death, she headed the neurochemistry department at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Brain Research. Oskar Vogt's anti-National Socialist stance led to his resignation by the Reich Minister for Science, Art and Education, Bernhard Rust .

A Rockefeller Fellowship enabled Marthe, who shared her father's attitude, to go to Henry Hallett Dale at the National Institute for Medical Research in Hampstead near London from 1935 to 1936 . Here she met Wilhelm Feldberg , also a Rockefeller scholar who had been dismissed from Berlin University as a Jew in 1933. This was followed by positions at the Department of Pharmacology in Cambridge and at the College of the Pharmaceutical Society in London. In 1946, John Henry Gaddum at the Department of Pharmacology in Edinburgh gave her the chance to set up her own working group . From 1960 to 1966 she headed the pharmacological department of the Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animal Physiology in Babraham near Cambridge. She stayed there in retirement until her eyesight deteriorated in 1990 and she moved to La Jolla , California, to live with her sister Marguerite , who was ten years her junior .

research

Marthe Vogt was a neuropharmacologist . Here are two of her key discoveries:

First, in 1936, during her time in Hampstead, together with Dale and Feldberg, she proved that acetylcholine is not only a neurotransmitter in the vegetative nervous system , as it has been known since Otto Loewi , but also the neurotransmitter of the motor neurons to the skeletal muscle. In 1936, while Marthe Vogt was working for him, Dale and Loewi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ; both of them were bestowed on their discoveries of neurotransmitters.

Second, Marthe Vogt, in 1954, now in Edinburgh and as the only author, demonstrated that the catecholamines noradrenaline and adrenaline in the brain are not only neurotransmitters in the wall of the brain blood vessels, but neurotransmitters in neurons of the brain itself. With acetylcholine, there were noradrenaline and adrenaline the first ever identified transmitter substances in the brain.

Without Marthe Vogt's discoveries, for example, the effects of muscle relaxants and psychotropic drugs could not be explained. Studies on neurotransmitter disorders in schizophrenia or severe depression are also based on this discovery.

Honors

Marthe Vogt was elected a member of the British Royal Society in 1952 and received the Royal Medal of this society ( The Queen's Medal ) in 1981 . In 1974 she received the Schmiedeberg plaque from the German Pharmacological Society. Edinburgh and Cambridge awarded her honorary doctorates. She was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (since 1977) and the Hungarian Academy of Sciences .

The Forschungsverbund Berlin has been awarding the Marthe Vogt Prize for young female scientists every year since 2001 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Heinz Bielka : History of the Medical-Biological Institute Berlin-Buch . Springer, Berlin 2002. ISBN 3-540-42842-9
  2. ^ Alan W. Cuthbert: Marthe Louise Vogt. September 8, 1903 - September 9, 2003. In: royalsocietypublishing.org. Retrieved December 24, 2018 .
  3. ^ Ullrich Trendelenburg : Persecuted German-speaking pharmacologists 1933-1945. Frechen, Dr. Schrör 2006. ISBN 3-9806004-7-5
  4. ↑ a b pA2 Online - Volume 2 - Issue 1 - Marthe Louise Vogt (1903-2003)
  5. ^ HH Dale, W. Feldberg and M. Vogt: Release of acetylcholine at voluntary motor nerve endings. In: The Journal of Physiology 1936; 86: 353-380
  6. ^ Marthe Vogt: The concentration of sympathy in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. In: The Journal of Physiology 1954 ; 123: 451-481
  7. ^ Bangen, Hans: History of the drug therapy of schizophrenia. Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-927408-82-4 pp. 90-94 Neuroleptics and psychiatric theories.
  8. ^ Marthe Vogt Prize , website of the Forschungsverbund Berlin, accessed on August 4, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Vogt, Marthe Louise
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German pharmacologist
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 2003
Place of death San Diego , California