Martin J. Buerger

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Martin Julian Buerger (born April 8, 1903 in Detroit , Michigan , † February 25, 1986 in Lincoln , Massachusetts ) was an American crystallographer .

Life

Buerger grew up in New York City and studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). At first he wanted to become a mining engineer, but also studied mineralogy and deposit science and received his doctorate in mineralogy in 1929. He was then an assistant professor at MIT, where he was the second professor ever to reach the highest level of the Institute Professor in 1956 and became director of the MIT School of Advanced Studies . In 1968 he went into partial retirement at MIT and was a professor of geology at the University of Connecticut until 1973.

Buerger was a dominant figure in crystallography, and X-ray crystallography specifically, in the United States. His interest in it arose through lectures by William Lawrence Bragg at MIT in 1927, after which he began to develop and build his own apparatus, mainly because he lacked the money to buy it. His textbooks were considered standard works. He determined many crystal structures and dealt with polymorphism and twinning in crystals .

In 1945 he became the first president of the Crystallographic Society (from 1947 Crystallographic Society of America). In 1943 he was the president of the American Society for X-ray and Electron Diffraction, which was founded in 1941. In 1947 he was President of the Mineralogical Society of America.

In 1953 he became a Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences . He was a member of the Austrian and Bavarian Academy of Sciences, the Accademia dei Lincei and the Academy in Turin. From the beginning he was active in the management of the International Union of Crystallography and from 1948 to 1981 a member of the Commission on International Tables. He was involved in the International Tables for X-ray Crystallography and the International Tables for Crystallography (for example in the new version 1985).

Fonts

  • X-ray crystallography, Wiley, Chapman and Hall 1942 (new edition Krieger 1980)
  • Crystal structure analysis, Wiley 1960 (new edition Krieger 1980)
  • The precession method in x-ray crystallography, Wiley 1964
  • with Leonid Azaroff : The powder method in x-ray crystallography, McGraw Hill 1958
  • Vector space, and its application in crystal-structure investigation, Wiley 1959
  • Contemporary Crystallography, McGraw Hill 1970
  • Elementary crystallography; an introduction to the fundamental geometrical features of crystals, Wiley 1956
  • Introduction to crystal geometry, McGraw Hill 1971
  • Crystallography - An Introduction to Geometric and Radiographic Crystal Studies, De Gruyter 1977

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Honorary doctorates from the University of Bern ( PDF 109 kB , alphabetically, without guarantee, in the 19th century, sources were partly uncertain)
  2. ^ Geological Society of America - Past Award & Medal Recipients
  3. ↑ Mineralogical Society of America - Roebling Medal: Description and wearer of the medal (English)
  4. ↑ John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols: Buergerite , in: Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 68.6 kB )
  5. ↑ American Crystallographic Association - MJ Buerger Award ( Memento of the original from April 5, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.amercrystalassn.org
personal data
SURNAME Buerger, Martin J.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buerger, Martin Julian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American crystallographer
DATE OF BIRTH April 8, 1903
PLACE OF BIRTH Detroit , Michigan
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1986
Place of death Lincoln , Massachusetts