Martin Pappenheim

Martin Pappenheim (born November 4, 1881 in Pressburg , Austria-Hungary ; died November 22, 1943 in Tel Aviv ) was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist.

Life

Pappenheim was the son of the Jewish teacher Max Pappenheim and the Regina spokesman. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna from 1899 to 1905 , after completing his doctorate he was an assistant at the Psychiatric Clinic in Prague in 1906/07 , then until 1911 at the Psychiatric Clinic in Heidelberg . Pappenheim completed his habilitation in Vienna in 1915. As a drafted military doctor , he looked after the assassin from Sarajevo , Gavrilo Princip , as a prison psychiatrist . Pappenheim was an active social democrat and visited the Soviet Union in 1920/21 . In 1922 Pappenheim became head of the neurological department at the Lainz Hospital and in 1924 Associate Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the university. From 1928 he was a member of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association , he belonged to the inner circle around Sigmund Freud . In 1934, after the failure of the February uprisings , Pappenheim did not return from a trip to Palestine on the advice of friends , but settled there.

He was involved in the development of psychiatry and psychoanalysis in Palestine, where he gave medical treatment to key Zionists, Meir Dizengoff and Chaim Nachman Bialik . He was one of the co-founders of the Palestine Mental Hygiene Association and conducted consultations in the neighboring British and French mandated areas of Egypt and Syria .

Pappenheim was first married to Edith Goldschmidt (1883–1942), a granddaughter of Henriette Goldschmidt , until 1919 . She could after the connection of Austria before the persecution of Jews not save and committed in 1942 with her sister, Charlotte Goldschmidt Hausdorff (married to Felix Hausdorff ) in Bonn suicide . Their daughter Else Pappenheim fled when the Vienna Psychoanalytical Institute was closed in 1938, to her father in Palestine and from there to the United States. In his second marriage, Pappenheim was married to the dermatologist Melanie Bloch, who died in 1926. From his third marriage to Rose Liebrecht, he had a daughter, Nira Segal, who was born in 1934.

His younger sister was Marie Pappenheim , a doctor, poet and communist, who also had to emigrate in 1934 before Austrofascism and went first to Paris and then to Mexico . Another sister was the chemist Gisela Sternfeld, also an emigrant.

Fonts (selection)

• with Carl Groß: The neuroses and psychoses of puberty (= informal treatises from the border areas of education and medicine. Vol. 1). Springer, Berlin 1914, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-90758-6 .
• The lumbar puncture. Rikola, Vienna 1922.
• Gavrilo Princip's Confessions. R. Lechner & Sohn, Vienna 1926.
• (Ed.) Vladimir M. Bechterev : General principles of human reflexology. F. Deuticke, Vienna 1926.
• Neuroses and psychoses of the female generation (= books of medical practice. Vol. 26). Springer, Vienna / Berlin 1930, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-7091-9942-8 .

literature

• Werner Röder, Herbert A. Strauss (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch der Deutschensprachigen Emigration nach 1933 / International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945. Vol II, 2, Saur, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , pp. 887 f.
• Gottfried Roth :  Pappenheim Martin. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 7, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-7001-0187-2 , p. 323.
• Salomon Wininger : Great Jewish National Biography. Kraus Reprint, Nendeln 1979, ISBN 3-262-01204-1 (reprint of the Czernowitz 1925 edition), vol. 7, p. 367.
• Eran Rolnik : Freud in Hebrew: History of Psychoanalysis in Jewish Palestine . Translation from the Hebrew David Ajchenrand. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2013 ISBN 978-3-525-36992-0

Web links

• Roland Kaufhold : From Vienna to New York: On the death of the psychoanalyst Else Pappenheim , in: Hagalil , January 15, 2009