Marie Pappenheim

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Marie Pappenheim (born November 4, 1882 in Pressburg , Austria-Hungary ; died July 24, 1966 in Vienna ) was an Austrian socialist, writer, librettist and doctor. She wrote the libretto for the monodrama Expectation by Arnold Schönberg . She later published under her married name Marie Frischauf or under a double name.

Life

Marie Pappenheim was a daughter of the Jewish teacher Max Pappenheim and the Regina spokesman. Her older brother Martin Pappenheim became a psychiatry professor at the University of Vienna and the father of Else Pappenheim , her younger sister was the chemist Gisela Sternfeld. She studied medicine at the University of Vienna from 1903 to 1909 and was one of the first female doctoral candidates there. From 1918 she worked as a specialist in dermatology and also carried out this activity during her emigration and, after her return, again in Vienna until 1952.

In 1918 she married the youth psychiatrist Hermann von Frischauf, with whom she opened a practice and in 1919 had the son Johannes. From now on she published under both names. In 1919 she joined the KPÖ , her political activities brought her briefly into prison in 1927. Marie Frischauf was imprisoned after the February fighting in 1934 and then went to Paris, while Hermann Frischauf stayed in Austria after the divorce. After the Anschluss he was imprisoned in Buchenwald between 1938 and 1940 and died in 1942 as a result of his imprisonment in the camp. Her siblings had also emigrated in 1934 before Austrofascism , while her niece Else Pappenheim stayed until 1938 and trained with Sigmund Freud at the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute .

In Paris she continued to work as a doctor, was politically active among the exiles and, together with Tilly Spiegel, organized the Cercle Culturel Autrichien, founded in November 1938 . After the German occupation in 1940, she fled to the south of France and was interned in the Gurs camp. In the same year she was able to flee to Mexico . After thirteen years of exile , she returned to Austria in 1947, where she was again politically active for the KPÖ.

Sex education activity

In 1928 she and Wilhelm Reich founded the “Socialist Society for Sexual Counseling and Sexual Research ” and in 1929 six free sex counseling centers for workers. From the experience gained there, the work Is Abortion Harmful? Was created together with Annie Reich . what aroused indignation in the bigoted bourgeoisie in Austria and led to police searches of the authors.

Literary activity

In 1906 Karl Kraus published four poems by her in the torch . The composer Arnold Schönberg became aware of her texts and asked her for an opera libretto. In 1909 she wrote the monodrama Expectation for him, but it was not premiered until June 6, 1924. Schönberg painted a portrait of her. There are two translations of libretto texts by her from the late 1920s. The opera The poor sailor by Darius Milhaud based on a libretto by Jean Cocteau was performed in 1929 in the Kroll Opera . She translated the opera Angelika into German for Jacques Ibert .

In 1949 she published the novel The Gray Man as her examination of the recent past.

In connection with the expressionist work Expectation , there is speculation about an intellectual and a family connection to Bertha Pappenheim . There are a number of points of contact: the origins of both Pappenheim families from Pressburg, Marie's medical studies at the University of Vienna with a specialist medical specialization in dermatology, the later collaboration with Annie and Wilhelm Reich, who was a Freud student. This led the Schönberg specialists to a search for “hysterical soul constellations” in the libretto of expectation .

Works

  • Expectation (monodrama) , libretto, Vienna; Leipzig: Universal Edition , [around 1925]
  • The poor sailor. Lament in 3 acts. Text by Jean Cocteau. Music by Darius Milhaud. Translation by Marie Pappenheim. Paris: Heugel, 1930
  • Angelica . Farce in 1 act. Music by Jacques Ibert. Translation by Marie Pappenheim. Paris: Heugel, 1930 ( Angelique , 1927)
  • Marie von Frischauf: Is Abortion Harmful? Münster-Verlag, Vienna 1930, publications of the Socialist Society for Sexual Counseling and Sexual Research in Vienna; No. 2
  • Marie Frischauf: The gray man . Vienna: Globus-Verlag , 1949
  • Marie Frischauf: The gray man: novel and poems to Arnold Schönberg. Edited and with a preface and an afterthought by Marcus G. Patka. Vienna: Theodor Kramer Society, 2000
  • Marie von Frischauf: Poems . Vienna: European Publishing House, 1962

Setting of her poems to music

  • Karl Heinz Füssl , landscapes, five variations for voice and four instruments based on texts by Marie Pappenheim, Date of Composition: 1957, mica

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kristina Pfoser-Schewig: France as transit and settlement country , in: Displaced reason: Emigration and exile Austrian science. 2nd International Symposium, October 19-23, 1987 in Vienna . Vienna: Jugend und Volk 1988, p. 940
  2. ↑ On emigration to Mexico see the article on the Mexican consul in Marseille Gilberto Bosques
  3. ^ Lilli Gast: Reich, Annie (1902–1971). In: International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis . Thomson Gale, Detroit 2005.
  4. ↑ Petra Strasser, Freud with Music , in: Wolfram Mauser and Joachim Pfeiffer, Freuds actuality, Freiburg literature psychological discussions vol. 26, Würzburg: Königshausen and Neumann 2006, here: p. 167f; and Alexander Carpenter, Schoenberg's Expectation and Freudian Case Histories: A Preliminary Investigation, in: Discourses in Music, Volume 3 Number 2 (Winter 2001–2002) ( PDF ); ders., in: The Musical Quarterly 2010 93 (1): 144-181
personal data
SURNAME Pappenheim, Marie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fresh up, Marie; Frischauf-Pappenheim, Marie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Poet, doctor
DATE OF BIRTH November 4, 1882
PLACE OF BIRTH Pressburg
DATE OF DEATH July 24, 1966
Place of death Vienna