Teluk Marudu

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Teluk Marudu
Marudu Bay
Location of Marudu Bay on the north coast of Sabah

Location of Marudu Bay on the north coast of Sabah

Waters Sulu Lake
Land mass Borneo
Geographical location 6 ° 58 ′  N , 116 ° 56 ′  E Coordinates: 6 ° 58 ′  N , 116 ° 56 ′  E
Teluk Marudu (Malaysia)
Teluk Marudu
width 15 km
length 60 km
surface 1 000  km²
Coastline 200 km
Greatest water depth 33 m
Tributaries Sungai Bandau (Marudu River), Sungai Bintasan, Sungai Telaga, Sungai Taka, Sungai Taritipan, Sungai Tuaran, Sungai Kinarom
Marudu Bay, seen from the east side at Kg.Mempakad

Marudu Bay, seen from the east side at Kg.Mempakad

The Marudu Bay ( Malay Teluk Marudu ) is a large bay on the north coast of the island of Borneo . It belongs to the state of Sabah , Malaysia and opens to the Sulu Sea . Administratively, it belongs to the Kudat Division with the districts Kota Marudu on the south side, Kudat in the west and Pitas in the east of the bay.

geography

The bay covers an area of ​​approx. 1000 km². Mangrove swamps are mainly located at the southern end of the bay at Kota Marudu.

history

Marudu Bay has been in the overlapping spheres of interest of the Sultanates of Sulu and Brunei since the 18th century. Attempts to drive the followers of the Sultan of Sulu out of the region failed. In 1845, a punitive expedition by the " white Raja " James Brooke only managed to weaken the power of the Sultanate of Sulu in the region for a short time, despite naval support from Sir Thomas Cochrane. Although it was Syariff Usman, the governor of the Sultan killed in this punitive expedition, but his son Syariff Yassin returned in 1870 to the Marudu Bay and founded a trading post at the mouth of Sungai Tandik.

Shortly after his appointment, William Hood Treacher , the first governor of North Borneo under the North Borneo Chartered Company , relocated the company's headquarters to a small bay in Marudu Bay that had only just been discovered by Alfred Hart Everett . Here, in Kudat, was the first capital of North Borneo for two short years.

In 1887, Count Geldes d'Elslov acquired extensive land on Marudu Bay and began growing tobacco. From these beginnings the London Borneo Tobacco Company emerged.

In 1892 the Filipino national hero José Rizal planned to found an agricultural settlement with like-minded people at the mouth of the Sungai Bengkoka in Marudu Bay in order to avoid the repression of the Spanish government. However, the idea of ​​a patriotic enclave was never realized.

British Borneo Exploration Syndicate Company Limited

In 1904 the British Borneo Exploration Syndicate Company Limited acquired the monopoly to exploit the mineral resources in the Marudu Bay area and began to mine manganese. The company built a wharf, offices and a 22-mile-long meter gauge railway from the bay to the storage facilities. However, poor management resulted in the first (and only) shipload of manganese being dumped overboard upon arrival in England as it turned out to be inferior slate with low manganese content. The company returned its mining rights to the Chartered Company in 1913. The narrow-gauge railway was dismantled. The route later served as a road to the rubber plantation of the Taritipan Rubber Estate , which had acquired the former mine site. The two locomotives became the property of the North Borneo Railway . The BILIAJONG locomotive (type "Waterloo", built in 1905, serial number 767, built by Kerr Stuart) was scrapped before 1914. The MARUDU locomotive (built by Dick Kerr & Co. Limited, Engineers and Contractors, London and Kilmarnock, 1905) was used in Jesselton and survived both world wars. It was scrapped in 1954.

literature

  • KG Tregonning: A History Of Modern Sabah (North Borneo 1881–1963) , 2nd edition, University of Malaya Press, Kuala Lumpur 1965, reprint 1967.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ United States Navy Publication 163, Chapter 10.78, prepared by the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (PDF; 630 kB)
  2. ↑ James Warren: The Sulu Zone 1768–1898: The Dynamics of External Trade, Slavery and Ethnicity in the Transformation of a South East Asian Maritime State ; Singapore Univ. Press, Singapore, 1981, pp. 77-79, ISBN 978-9971-69-386-2
  3. ↑ Tregonning, 49;
  4. ^ Paul Darmstaedter: The geographical distribution and production of tobacco growing , dissertation, p. 63, Fr. A. Schmidt'sche Buchdruckerei, Hamburg, 1896
  5. ↑ Tregonning, page 139
  6. ^ ANM Garry: Industrial Locomotives Overseas - Chapter 5: Borneo ; Accessed April 12, 2012

Remarks

  1. ↑ Syariff Yassin was married to the sister of Sultan Jamal ul-Azam. Jamal ul-Azam ruled the Sulu Sultanate from 1862 to 1881.