Marytė Melnikaitė

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Marytė Melnikaitė (Postage stamp from the USSR Post (1950) on the 10th anniversary of the founding of the Lithuanian SSR)

Marytė Melnikaitė (born March 18, 1923 in Zarasai , † July 13, 1943 in Kaniūkai , Ignalina Rajongemeinde ) was a Lithuanian - Soviet partisan .

Life

Melnikaitė, daughter of the Lithuanian J. Melniko from Jurbarkas and the Russian Antonina Moisejewna, was the second of five children and was baptized a Roman Catholic . At the age of fourteen she began to work in the Avanti textile factory in Rokiškis and learned to sew.

1940 after the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union Melnikaitė came against the resistance of her father in the Komsomol one, sang in the choir and attended night school. After the beginning of the German-Soviet War , she was evacuated with other Komsomol members and worked in the machine tool factory Mechanics in Tyumen . In July 1942 she joined the 16th Lithuanian Rifle Division of the Red Army , which she sent to the sabotage school in Balachna . After graduation in May 1943, she was sent to Belarus and then to her hometown of Zarasai, where she joined the Soviet partisan group Kęstutis under the name Ona Kuosaitė . She headed the underground district committee of the Lithuanian Komsomol in Zarasai. She was also known under the name Marytė Margytė . The partisans derailed railway trains, blew up buildings, set farmhouses on fire, captured German new settlers and raided German bases.

In July 1943, Melnikaitė and other partisans took weapons from partisans in Belarus. The group was noticed by locals on the Belarusian-Lithuanian border near Lake Apvardai in the Ignalina Rajong municipality and reported to the Lithuanian police. In the subsequent shooting, three partisans were killed and Melnikaitė wounded, captured and handed over to the German police. After five days of interrogation and torture , she was shot dead in Kaniūkai cemetery. Her grave is on the shores of Lake Zarasai .

Melnikaitė's life and death were glorified by the Soviet media. Antanas Sniečkus described her heroic struggle in the newspaper Tiesa ( The Truth ) in March 1944 . Antanas Venclova dedicated the essay Tarybų Sąjungos Didvyrė Marija Melnikaitė to her in 1944 . In the same year she was the only Lithuanian woman to be honored as a heroine of the Soviet Union . In 1947, the film Marytė was made by Mosfilm under the direction of Wera Strojewa , with Donatas Banionis in a small role. The opera Marytė by Antanas Račiūnas was staged by the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theater in 1953 . Poems written Salomėja Nėris ( Marija Melnikaitė ) Vacys Reimeris ( Lietuvos-products ) and Vladas Mozūriūnas ( Tam krašte ).

The Melnikaitė monument by the sculptor Robertas Antinis was erected in Druskininkai in 1952 and is now in Grūtas Park . The Zarasaier Melnikaitė memorial by Juozas Mikėnas (1955) is now also in Grūtas Park. Melnikaitė was remembered in the Zarasai Regional Museum (now discontinued). In Tyumen there are memorial plaques on Melnikaitė Street and on the former mechanical plant . Melnikaitė streets are also found in Minsk , Almaty and Shymkent . In Utena a textile company was named after Melnikaitė until 1995. The first collective farm in the Lithuanian SSR in Dotnuva and other collective farms were named after her.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Deutsches Historisches Museum Berlin : Lithuania: Resistance and Suffering (accessed December 23, 2016).
  2. ^ Henry Sakaida: Heroines of the Soviet Union 1941-45 (Elite # 90) . Osprey Publishing, 2003, ISBN 1-84176-598-8 , pp. 52 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Brigita Balikienė: Diversantė MM . Istorijos, 2006 ( delfi.lt ).
  4. ↑ K. Ėringis: Lietuvos kariuomenės tragedija. Factai, prisiminimai, documentai . Vilnius 1993, p. 145-148 .
  5. ^ Peter Rollberg: Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema . Scarecrow Press, 2008, pp. 671 .
  6. ↑ Donald Jay Grout, Hermine Weigel Williams: A Short History of Opera . Columbia University Press, 2003, pp. 672 .
  7. ↑ Elena Baliutytė: Tarybinė lietuvių poezija didžiojo tėvynės karo metais . 1985, OCLC 14071071 , pp. 42 (Lithuanian).
  8. ↑ Zarazai Regional Museum (accessed December 31, 2016).
  9. ↑ Поуличный телефонный справочник Алматы (Алма-Аты) (accessed December 30, 2016).
  10. ↑ Жители улицы Мельникайте (accessed December 30, 2016).
personal data
SURNAME Melnikaitė, Marytė
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Lithuanian-Soviet partisan
DATE OF BIRTH March 18, 1923
PLACE OF BIRTH Zarasai
DATE OF DEATH July 13, 1943
Place of death Kaniūkai , Ignalina Rajong Parish