Maurice Raynaud

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Maurice Raynaud.

Auguste Gabriel Maurice Raynaud (born August 10, 1834 in Paris , † June 29, 1881 there ) was a French doctor.

education and profession

Raynaud received a classical medical training in Paris and received his doctorate from the medical faculty under the guidance of his uncle Vernois in 1862 with the thesis Sur l'asphyxie locale et la gangrène symétrique des extrémités (On local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities). A year later, with the writings De Asclepiade, Bithyno, medico ac philosopho and Les médecins au temps de Molière (The Doctors in Molière's Time ), he earned the degree of Dr. ès lettres . With this text Raynaud tried to present the practical medicine of the 17th century by apologizing on the one hand for Molière's exaggerations, but on the other hand trying to interpret the satires as favorable as possible for the medical profession.

In 1865 Raynaud received the license to practice medicine ( médecin des hôpitaux ) and in 1866 he was admitted to the medical faculty with work on "non-phlegmatic" hyperemia ( Hyperémies non phlegmasiques ) and the use of bloodletting . Other works by Raynaud appeared in the Dictionnaire de médecine et de chirurgie pratiques ( arteries , heart , cachexia , diatheses , gangrene, etc.).

On February 4, 1879 Raynaud was elected member of the section de pathologie médicale at the Académie de Médecin in Paris. He held lectures at the university, at the Hôpital Lariboisière and at the Charité with great success . In addition, a lecture at the academy on the subject of infection and immunity after vaccinations and Leçons of the internist Germain Sée (1818-1896), which he edited. Although Raynaud had made a name for himself academically and his literary and medical qualities could hardly be overlooked, a higher academic career was closed to him and he was never offered a professorship. With Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) he was not only connected by a collegial friendship, but also by joint investigations into the transmission of the rabies virus .

He was the son of a professor at the University of Paris.

power

In 1874 Raynaud's publication appeared on the subject of local limb asphyxia with information on possible causes of the clinical picture (Raynaud's symptom complex). Raynaud himself tried out treatments using descending galvanic currents (induction of reflex vasospasmolysis).

The first description of Raynaud's syndrome , named after him, was based on 25 case descriptions with eight deaths. Three deaths showed no relation to local asphyxia . The majority were female patients, only five were males. The usual onset of illness was between the ages of 18 and 30. The lowering of the skin temperature struck him as particularly striking. Raynaud precisely described the typical clinical findings of the clinical picture associated with exposure to cold.

Raynaud's syndrome is a complex of symptoms with a typical three-phase course: ischemia (pale, cold, numb fingers), cyanosis ( capillaries and venules dilate, fill with deoxygenated blood ) and redness (the loosened arterial spasm causes hyperemia , Hyperhidrosis and pain ). These symptoms tend to occur in the anatomical locations where an arteriovenous capillary network is to be found ( extremities and other acres ). The clinical picture can lead to ulcerations on the fingertips and toes or, less often, gangrene ( digitus mortuus ) and acroosteolysis . In addition, Raynaud noted that the disease occurs five times more often in women than in men.

Works

  • De l'asphyxie locale et de la gangrène symétrique des extrémités . Thesis, Paris 1862
  • Les Médecins au temps de Molière . Paris 1863
  • Nouvelles recherches on nature et le traitement de l'asphyxie locale des extrémités . Arch Gén Méd 5-21,189-206 (1874)

literature

  • Eberhard J. Wormer : Angiology - Phlebology. Syndromes and their creators. Munich 1991, pp. 163-170
  • J. Andrews: Maurice R Raynaud and his protean disease. J Med Biogr 5 (1997) 46-50
  • JC Bowling, PM Dowd: Raynaud's disease. Lancet 361 (2003) 2078-80.
  • Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881) - Raynaud's Disease. JAMA 200 (1967) 177
  • R. Jackson: Raynaud and Molière. Arch Dermatol 119 (1983) 263
  • Ralph H. Major: Classic Descriptions of Disease. Springfield 1948, p. 478

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Sée, Germain. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1315.
personal data
SURNAME Raynaud, Maurice
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Raynaud, Auguste G. Maurice
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor
DATE OF BIRTH August 10, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH June 29, 1881
Place of death Paris