Mehlstiel-Taubling
| Mehlstiel-Taubling | ||||||||||||
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Mehlstalk deafling ( Russula farinipes ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula farinipes | ||||||||||||
| Romell in Britzelm. |
The Mehlstiel-Deaf ( Russula farinipes ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a sharp, ivory-yellowish blubber with a noticeably tough, elastic hat that is heavily grooved on the edge. Its lamellae are pale creamy white to yellowish. In terms of its appearance, it is similar to the meat-red edible blubber ( Russula vesca ). The rather rare Täubling grows mainly under deciduous trees on loamy, more or less calcareous soils.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is tinted pale ivory, but can also be straw-colored, roll-colored or yellow-white (chamois) and sometimes green-yellow. It often has rusty yellow dots or spots and is between three and seven centimeters wide. In damp weather the hat swells up and the hat skin is rather greasy and sticky, in dry conditions it appears finely scaly to warty and rough. The middle of the hat is deep or only slightly depressed (nicked). The thin edge is initially curved, but later sticks out. It is quite elastic and strongly grooved to fluted .
The lamellas are straw yellow to leather pale in color and also covered with rusty spots. They stand relatively far apart and are fairly flat and converge on both sides. They are also very flexible and mixed with shorter forked leaves. In young specimens the lamellae water. The spore powder is pure white ( Ia according to Romagnesi ).
The long, cylindrical stem is white to straw yellow and covered with very fine rust-colored scales. It becomes six to nine inches long and 1 to 2.5 inches thick. At the base it is often a bit rusty and pointed. With age, chambers form inside the flesh.
The flesh is yellowish in color under the hat skin. It smells slightly fruity with a note of the scratchy comb-deaf ( Russula recondita ) and the stink-deaf ( Russula foetens ). The taste is very sharp, especially in the lamellas, and lingers for a long time. The meat of the hat turns a dirty pink with iron sulfate , light green with guaiac and reddish brown with phenol .
Microscopic features
The rounded to elliptical spores measure 6–8 × 6–7 µm. The spore ornament consists of fine, quite short and isolated spines that are up to 0.5 µm high. They can only be briefly connected to one another in isolated cases.
The numerous hymenial cystids are obtuse awl-shaped to spindle-shaped. Most of them have a small appendage at their tip and are all colored, albeit not always clearly, with sulfobenzaldehyde or sulfovanillin . The cheilocystides measure 37–90 × 7–11 µm and the pleurocystides 57–86 × 6–12 µm.
The top layer of the hat consists of cylindrical, partly wavy and branched, 3–5 µm wide hairs that contain only pale, diffuse vacuole pigment. In between there are large, club-shaped to spindle-shaped, 5–9 µm wide and unseptate Pileocystiden , which can be rounded, pointed or constricted at their tips. Their contents are partly (and often only weakly) colored gray-black with sulfobenzaldehyde.
Species delimitation
The Mehlstiel-Täubling is clearly characterized by its light ivory-ocher, remarkably tough-elastic hat, the fruit-like smell, its pure white spore powder, the small, dotted to finely prickly spores and the large hat skin cystidia. There is also the name-giving, floury-powdery handle, which is usually hollowed out inside. The pale taubling ( R. galochroa ) can be very similar . However, it lacks the scales on the handle. The clearest distinguishing feature is the slightly spicy taste only in the lamellae. It can also be confused with the stink-deaf ( Russula foetens ). However, this is generally larger and has a darker, non-elastic hat and more fragile lamellas.
ecology
The Mehlstiel-Täubling can be found in beech and fir trees and, more rarely, in oak-hornbeam forests and oak-field elm hardwood floodplains. Sometimes it can also be found in parks, gardens and similar biotopes. There the fungus grows in light, grassy but herb-rich areas such as the edges of forest paths.
The Mehlstiel-Taubling prefers fresh to slightly damp soils that are poor in nutrients but well saturated with bases and lime. Some of these can be somewhat acidic. It is found on well-matured to heavy, loamy brown soils and pelosols that have formed on limestone, limestone or limestone marl.
The Mehlstiel-Deabling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is particularly associated with European beech . The fruiting bodies are usually formed from July to late October.
distribution
The flour-stalked blubber is common in Asia (Japan), North America (USA), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and Europe. In Europe, the area extends from France and the Netherlands in the west to Poland in the east and from Italy and Romania in the south to Fennoscandinavia in the north.
In Germany, the occurrences are greater in the south than in the north. Nevertheless, the fungus has been found in all federal states. In Saarland, parts of Baden-Württemberg and southern Bavaria, it is moderately widespread in some regions.
meaning
The Mehlstiel-Täubling is inedible due to its extreme heat.
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
- Russula farinipes. In: Mycobank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) . International Mycological Association, accessed February 7, 2014 .
- Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . essai sur la valeur taxinomique et specifique des caractères morphologiques et microchimiques des spores et des revêtements. Bordas, Paris 1967, p. 327 (French, MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed February 7, 2014]).
- Russula farinipes. In: Partial Russula species database of the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Center . Retrieved on February 7, 2014 (English, spore drawing and tabular listing of the macro- and microscopic features (based on H. Romagnesis "Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord" )).
- Alfred Einhellinger: The genus Russula in Bavaria . In: Bibliotheca Mycologica . 3. Edition. tape 112 . Berlin / Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 978-3-443-59056-7 , pp. 77 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 172.
- ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula farinipes. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 12, 2012 .
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula farinipes. Retrieved on June 7, 2012 (Täubling rare: No threat).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula farinipes. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on February 27, 2014 ; Retrieved August 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Z. Athanassiou & I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . Vol: 79, 2001, pp. 401-415 ( online ). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 530.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula farinipes. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved May 6, 2012 .
- ↑ Russula farinipes in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Russula farinipes. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution atlas of mushrooms in Switzerland. (No longer available online.) In: wsl.ch. Federal Research Institute for Forests, Snow and Landscape WSL, archived from the original on October 15, 2012 ; Retrieved September 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Web links
- Russula farinipes at RogersMushrooms
- Russula farinipes. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed February 7, 2014 (English, original Latin diagnosis).
