Meinhard von Pfaundler

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Meinhard von Pfaundler (eigtl. Meinhard Pfaundler von Hadermur , born June 7, 1872 in Innsbruck , † July 20, 1947 in Piburg in the Ötztal near Oetz ) was an Austro-German pediatrician from Tyrol . He made significant contributions to the further development of paediatrics and was particularly concerned with congenital metabolic diseases , infectious diseases and the causes and symptoms of hospitalism .

Live and act

Meinhard von Pfaundler received his Matura in 1890 and studied medicine in Innsbruck and Prague until 1896. He then worked as an assistant doctor at the University Children's Hospital Graz, where he received his pediatric training from Theodor Escherich . After studying at the Physiological-Chemical Institute in Strasbourg and completing his doctorate in Graz , he completed his habilitation in 1900 in Graz for pediatrics. There he became associate professor in 1902 and from 1902 to 1939 head of the University Children's Clinic. In 1906 he took over the management of the University Children's Hospital in Munich until 1937 as well as the extraordinary and from 1919 regular full professorship there, which he held until his retirement in 1939. After the National Socialists prevented admission to the academy in 1941, he became a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1947 .

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Early on, he brought hospitalism, the mental neglect of infants in the nursery , into the field of pediatrics and showed the consequences of maternal deprivation and schematic institutional routine. In his 1901 lecture "On natural and rational baby care", he criticized the unnatural removal of the baby from the mother under modern conditions of civilization. He explained the origins and conditions of hospitalism in his “Physiology of the Newborn” in the 1915 Handbook of Obstetrics.

Between the two paediatricians Arthur Schloßmann and M. v. Pfaundler developed a violent controversy between 1920–1930 about the importance of infant care in infant homes. Schloßmann defended institutional care, while von Pfaundler took a deeply skeptical attitude towards the "unnatural mass care" of young children in the nursing homes. He heavily criticized the increasing tendency to view infant homes as suitable accommodation for young children. He initiated the world's first major comparative study of the problem of hospitalism. In 1925, Zaida Eriksson compared 425 prison children who came from affluent parental homes with 760 family children from a poor urban area. The prison children were significantly more susceptible to certain infectious diseases. Furthermore, the children at home were clearly impaired in their growth in length. The family children seemed more mentally active and more intelligent and were much more sociable than the institutional children.

Infections in children and vaccinations were further focal points. M. v. Pfaundler's late work dealt with questions of genetics and natural selection (studies on early death, sex ratio and selection, 1933–47). In 1920 he and his colleague Gertrud Hurler first described hereditary mucopolysaccharidosis with disproportionate short stature and numerous other organ disorders ("Pfaundler-Hurler syndrome") and in 1926 a previously unknown glycogen storage disease ("hepatic infantilism"). Overall, M. v. Pfaundler made significant contributions to the further development, systematisation and reorientation of German pediatrics since the turn of the century. As a university lecturer, he shaped a new generation of pediatricians, including Otto Ullrich (1894–1957), Rudolf Degwitz (1889–1973) and Gerhard Weber (1898–1973). Meinhard von Pfaundler was a co-founder of the "Journal for Paediatrics" and the "Central Gazette for Pediatrics" as well as editor of the "Results of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics". He was co-editor of the Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift and contributed to the journal for human inheritance and constitutional theory, founded in 1935 .

M. v. Pfaundler's contributions to hospitalism were later forgotten in " Paediatrics ". In 1974 Johannes Pechstein said in retrospect:

"If the remarks v. Pfaundlers have been taken into account and transferred to youth welfare and social hygiene measures, one would undoubtedly have saved tens of thousands of young children from the consequences of institutional deprivation in the past. "

Publications (selection)

  • with Arthur Schloßmann : Handbuch der Kinderheilkunde. 4 volumes. Leipzig 1906. (later translated into English as: The Diseases of Children; a work for the practicing physician. )
  • About gastric capacity and gastrectasia. Stuttgart 1898.
  • Physiological, bacteriological and clinical information about lumbar punctures on children. Vienna / Leipzig 1899.
  • About natural and rational baby care. 1909.
  • The K. Univer.-Children's Clinic in the Dr. from Hauner's Children's Hospital in Munich . 1911. (In reference to August Hauner , who founded a private children's hospital in Munich)
  • About combined sickness readiness or diatheses in childhood. In: Therapy of the Present . 13, 1911, pp. 289-299, 361-372.
  • Newborn Physiology. In: Albert Döderlein : Handbook for Obstetrics. Volume 1, Munich / Wiesbaden 1915. (2nd edition. 1924)

Awards

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Autobiography of Friedrich Wilhelm Beneke, 1853 (PDF; 7.4 MB)
  2. ^ Wolfgang G. Locher: Pfaundler, Meinhard von. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 1134.
  3. ↑ Meinhard Pfaundler von Hadermur: Physiology of the newborn. In: Albert Döderlein : Handbook of Obstetrics. Volume I, Wiesbaden 1915.
  4. ^ Maximilian Rieländer: Social Orphans - Small Children Without Family Effects of Hospitalism. ( Memento of February 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 125 kB). For a magazine of the "Society for Social Orphans" eV (GeSo) Münster 1982.
  5. ↑ Maximilian Rieländer: Deprivationsforschung: Overview and own investigation, effects of early childhood home stays and experiences of separation on the social self-image of male youths in home. ( Memento from February 13, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Diploma thesis, Department of Psychology at the Justus Liebig University Gießen 1975, editorial revision 2000. (PDF; 1.2 MB)
  6. ↑ Z. Eriksson: "Hospitalism" in children's homes: About institutional damage to children. Akad. Abh. From the Munich Children's Clinic. Akademiska Bokhandeln, 1925.
  7. ^ Pfaundler von Hadermur, Meinhard in the German biography
  8. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. 2nd, updated edition. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2005, ISBN 3-596-16048-0 , p. 458.
  9. ^ Worldcat.org The Diseases of Children
  10. ↑ whonamedit.com Bibliography @ Who Named It.
personal data
SURNAME Pfaundler, Meinhard von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pfaundler from Hadermur, Meinhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian-German pediatrician
DATE OF BIRTH June 7, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH innsbruck
DATE OF DEATH July 20, 1947
Place of death Piburg near Oetz