Otto Heubner

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Otto Heubner, 1898

Johann Otto Leonhard Heubner , also Otto Johann Leonhard Heubner (born January 21, 1843 in Mühltroff in Vogtland ; † October 17, 1926 in Loschwitz , now a part of Dresden ), was a German internist and pediatrician. He is considered the founder of pediatric physiology, one of the fathers of paediatrics in Germany and made a significant contribution to its establishment as an academic subject. Within the German Reich he received the first independent professorial office for pediatrics . He also recognized the political and social dimensions of many diseases and became a committed champion for child welfare and child protection . Otto Heubner made valuable scientific contributions in many areas.

Life

Otto Heubner's farewell lecture in the lecture hall of the Charité Berlin, 1913
Otto Heubner's grave on the Tolkewitz urn grove

Otto Heubner was born as the son of the lawyer , politician and so-called "gymnastics father of Saxony" Otto Leonhard Heubner in Upper Saxony and, since his father was imprisoned for participating in the May uprising of 1849, grew up with his uncle in Freiberg and Grimma , where he attended the Princely School. In 1861 he began studying medicine at the University of Leipzig , which he completed in 1866 with the "Examen rigorosum pro venia legendi et docendi". From the summer of 1862 he was a member of the Leipzig University Choir of St. Pauli (now the German Choir ). He then went on a study trip that took him to Prague and Vienna in 1867 , where he trained in the diagnosis of internal and skin diseases and syphilis .

He began clinical work in 1866 at the Jakobshospital in Leipzig as an assistant and "cholera doctor" with the internist Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich , where he also received his doctorate with a thesis on cholera. Heubner completed his habilitation (without a habilitation thesis) in 1868 and received a private lectureship in internal medicine. During the Franco-Prussian War in 1871, in addition to his work as a lecturer and scientist, as well as the work as a general practitioner who had started in 1871, he took over the management of a reserve hospital with 180 beds in Leipzig.

In 1873, at the suggestion of Wunderlich, he was appointed associate professor for internal medicine at the University of Leipzig , gave lectures on pathology and therapy and, as the successor to Freiburg i. Br. Georg Friedrich Louis Thomas appointed the head of the Leipzig District Policlinic in 1876, which he held until 1891. Also in 1876 he married Martha Haußner, who came from a wealthy family of merchants in Plauen , with whom he was to have two sons, such as the pharmacologist Wolfgang Otto Leonhard Heubner (1877–1957), and two daughters. He turned down a call to the Kaiser Franz Josef Children's Hospital in Prague, which he received in 1886. In 1887 Heubner was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1891, at his instigation, with the financial support of a private association, the most modern children 's clinic at the time, equipped with its own pediatric surgery department, was set up in Leipzig- Reudnitz , headed by Heubner. He achieved success in cooperation with Emil von Behring in the treatment of diphtheria with "healing serum" (in fact a passive vaccination ).

As an internist, Heubner recognized the need for his own pediatric discipline early on. Since the Leipzig University refused to give him a full chair in pediatrics, Heubner went to the Berlin Charité in 1894 , where he took over the management of the children's clinic as an associate professor on April 14th. On December 11, 1894, he was appointed full professor in the Medical Faculty of the Royal Friedrich Wilhelms University. Up until his retirement in 1913, he made great efforts to remedy many hygienic grievances, which was also reflected in the massive decline in infant mortality at his clinic. In 1902 he was chairman of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors . He died at the age of 83 from complications from a stroke; his urn is in the urn courtyard of the Tolkewitz urn grove .

Scientific work

Scientifically be Heubner focused primarily brain and meningitis , as well as kidney disease of childhood, the infant tuberculosis and tuberculin . From 1887 he was co-editor of the yearbook of paediatrics . He was the first to take an EKG from a child in 1902 . Another research focus was the energy requirements of small children and the artificial feeding of infants. Together with Max Rubner , he determined the overall metabolism of infants, which made it possible to calculate the age-dependent energy quotient for the calorie intake per unit weight, named after Heubner. Many diseases and clinical pictures today bear his name: When "Heubnerscher starry sky" the rash is at chickenpox called that celiac disease is also called "Heubner-Herter's disease," the Leukenzephalitis called "Heubner signs syndrome". "Heubner's disease", in turn, is vascular inflammation ( endarteritis obliterans ) of the cerebral vessels in syphilis . His textbook on paediatrics, published from 1903 onwards, remained the standard work in German for decades.

Honors and aftermath

The German Society for Child and Adolescent Medicine has been awarding the Otto Heubner Prize since 1955.

The Association of Clinics for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine at the Charité Berlin , established in 1999, is named after Otto Heubner.

literature

  • Heubner W (Hg) Otto Heubner's life chronicle . Julius Springer Berlin 1927
  • Gerhard Jaeckel: The Charité. The story of a world center of medicine. Ullstein. Frankfurt / M. 1994. ISBN 3-548-34534-4 .
  • Johannes Oehme: Otto Heubner (1843–1926) - his life and work. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 13, 1995, pp. 423-430.
  • Eduard Seidler:  Heubner, Otto. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 9, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, ISBN 3-428-00190-7 , p. 38 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Heubner, Otto. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 590.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See also Hermann von Widerhofer and Franz von Rinecker .
  2. ↑ Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Heubner, Otto. In: Werner E. Gerabek et al. (Ed.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. 2005, p. 590.
  3. ↑ Complete directory of the Pauliner from summer 1822 to summer 1938, Leipzig 1938, p. 37.
  4. ↑ a b Ralf Bröer: Heubner, Otto Johann Leonhard , in: Wolfgang U. Eckart and Christoph Gradmann (eds.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present , 3rd edition 2006 Springer Verlag Heidelberg, Berlin, New York pp. 165 + 166. doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  5. ^ Otto Heubner: The clinic and polyclinic for childhood diseases. In: Max Lenz (Ed.): History of the Royal. Friedrich Wilhelms University of Berlin. Volume III, Halle 1910, pp. 113–124; here: p. 119.
  6. ↑ Otto Heubner: Observations and experiments on the meningococcus intracellularis (Weichselbaum-Jaeger). In: Jahrbuch der Kinderheilkunde Volume 43, 1896, pp. 1–22.
  7. ^ Otto Heubner: Textbook of Pediatrics. Leipzig 1903–1906.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Heubner, Otto
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heubner, Johann Otto Leonhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German internist and pediatrician
DATE OF BIRTH January 21, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Mühltroff
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1926
Place of death Loschwitz