Metal semi-finished products
Metal semi-finished products are metallic semi-finished products. They are elongated (e.g. a pipe) or flat (a sheet of metal), both shapes can sometimes be rolled up. They arise through forming and are further processed into finished workpieces through cutting (e.g. also machining ), joining , coating , changing material properties or forming again.
Classification
Raw material
- Billets are manufactured using the continuous casting process and are intended for further processing in the rolling mill. They have a roughly square or round cross-section with rounded corners, with a side length or diameter of 50 to 130 mm and lengths between a few meters and 18 m.
- Slabs are blocks of cast steel, aluminum or copper, the width and length of which are several times their thickness. Today they are also manufactured using the continuous casting process and serve as input material for sheet metal and strips.
- Bars are usually poured straight from the crucible into a compact shape. They are usually melted down again for further processing. Their shape is therefore based solely on weight and manageability.
Steel products
DIN EN 10079 differentiates steel products according to the generic terms flat and long products or products.
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Flat products or flat products made of steel have an approximately rectangular cross-section, the width of which is much greater than its height. The flat products include:
- Sheets (thin sheets, middle sheets and heavy sheets)
- Wide flat steels
- Tapes and
- Cassette and trapezoidal sheets.
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Long products or long products are manufactured by rolling, drawing or forging with a constant cross-section and their length is much greater than the thickness and width. This includes:
- rolled or drawn wire, wound in coils; drawn up to 5.5 mm in diameter, manufactured above this by rolling,
- Steel girders or shaped steel have a defined cross-section and are shipped as a rod,
- Bar iron ,
- Bright steel ,
- Reinforcement and prestressing steel , also ribbed and predominantly with a round cross-section,
- Rail are a special type of structural steel; they are produced in lengths of up to 120 m,
- Sheet pile walls are specially shaped long products that are used in civil engineering ,
- rolled, drawn or welded tubes and hollow profiles
- Rings, wheel tires or discs.
to form
Semi-finished metal products come in many different forms. They can be very universal, then they are usually standardized, or they can be adapted very precisely to a purpose. In principle, steel can be hot or cold formed. Hot-finished steel parts are less prone to cracking at the edges or the edges can be made more angular.
The following metal semi-finished product names are not always used in a uniform manner; there are also company product names. The most common forms, starting with the standardized types, are:
Bars or steel bars
Bar steel and bar material made of steel or non-ferrous metals is a rod-shaped component made of solid material with a cross-section that remains constant over the entire length. It has a geometrically simple cross-section such as a circle, rectangle, hexagon and the like. Bar steel, the simplest form of semi-finished metal, is available in all common types of metal. Material usually supplied on rolls up to a diameter of 20 mm is also known as wire . Examples:
- Round bar made of automatic turning steel , h9
- Brass square bar
- Flat steel
- bar-shaped reinforcing bars
Sectional steel and beams
Sectional steel, profile steel or casually “steel girders” are thick-walled rod-shaped components with a steel cross-section that remains constant over the entire length.
- The best-known example is the I-beam.
Hollow profiles
In steel construction, hollow profiles are the standardized collective term for round, square and rectangular steel pipes , but there are also non-ferrous hollow profiles.
- Round steel pipes, on the other hand, are seamless or welded, pressure-tested or not pressure-tested, in dimensions that are required for cutting open a Whitworth pipe thread and in other dimensions. Particularly thick-walled pipes are hot-finished.
- Shaped tubes are square or rectangular and can be hot or cold rolled (for steel). They are standardized for steel according to EN10210 and EN10219.
Special profiles
Rod-shaped semi-finished metal products that do not have a standardized shape are special profiles. In principle, they can be manufactured in all materials and are used in series production for large production quantities. There are hot-finished (rolled or extruded ) special profiles, e.g. B .:
- Extruded aluminum profile for the production of a showcase frame
Cold-finished special profiles are more often made of steel. They are made from steel strip or sheet metal strips and thus give the profile a constant wall thickness.
Lightweight profiles
Lightweight profiles in steel construction are cold special profiles that are particularly used in lightweight steel construction , for example in lightweight vehicle construction.
- Classic examples are frame profiles, drip strip profiles, floor frame profiles.
Of course, the name can only emphasize that the product is light.
Stop tubes and glass retaining strips
Stop tubes are made of galvanized steel. They facilitate the production of steel doors and similar windows. Stop means that the door can be rotated outwards or inwards. But fixed glazing can also be easily built with it. Stop tubes can be equipped with a sealing groove or consist of 2 insulated connected steel profiles. If glass is used, a glass retaining strip is recommended, also a cold-finished special profile. They are attached to special screws.
Other special profiles
For example:
- Various anchor rails, e.g. B. C-rails
- Sliding gate rails
- Holland profile , railing steel (shipbuilding)
Sheets
E.g .:
- Perforated sheet metal and many standard sheets
- Trapezoidal sheet
Reinforcing steel
Reinforcing steel is used as a bar (steel) or as a structural steel mesh .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Steel List 2014 ( Memento of the original from August 19, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Catalog from F. Eberhardt GmbH & Co KG, 2014
- ↑ a b http://www.stahlbauteile.com/stahllexikon/stahllexikon-s.html
- ↑ RHS data booklet ( Memento of the original from February 18, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Products from Alukönigstahl GmbH, accessed on August 8, 2014
- ↑ RP Standard brochure ( Memento of the original from August 15, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Products from RP Technik GmbH Profilsysteme, accessed on September 22, 2014
- ↑ Our delivery program , products from Eisen Lenz HandelsgmbH, 2013
