Metal construction
|
DIN 18360 |
|---|---|
| Area | Construction |
| title | VOB procurement and contract regulations for construction works - Part C: General technical contract conditions for construction works (ATV) - metal construction |
| Latest edition | 2012-09 |
| ISO | - |
According to DIN 18360, metal construction refers to the processing of metals also in combination with other materials in construction . The older name is locksmithing.
Delimitation of the term
Colloquially, the term metal construction is used for the processing of metals in industry and craft . The term locksmith work can often be found in normative references and specifications.
DIN 18360 defines metal construction work generally as the processing of metal, also in combination with other materials, and also specifies which trades are not part of this standard. In fact, metal construction is difficult to distinguish from other trades due to the wide range of constructions, materials and manufacturing processes to be processed.
Steel construction work according to DIN 18335, plumbing work according to DIN 18339, fitting work according to DIN 18357 and roller shutter work according to DIN 18358 are not part of the metal construction When it comes into contact with locks, door handles, closers and the like, it is difficult to differentiate between them. In particular, this also applies to the separation of steel construction work from metal construction.
Steel construction refers to the large-scale production and assembly of steel structures and systems made of steel. A very comprehensive European standard EN 1993 Eurocode 3 (formerly DIN 18800 in Germany) is specified for steel construction, since structures with high requirements for safety against failure are often produced in steel construction. These are, for example, steel halls, steel bridges, cranes. Metal construction, whose scope of services also includes the production of, for example, smaller steel stairs or catwalks, occasionally produces constructions that have to meet similarly high demands. Whether a service still belongs to metal construction or to other trades is often a matter of design. In case of doubt or dispute, the regulations stipulated in this standard regarding production and billing apply in accordance with DIN 18360 .
Materials used and scope of services
Metal construction deals with the processing of metals and their combination with non-metals. The processing of steel is of greatest importance, both as hot-rolled structural steel according to EN 10025 and as stainless steel according to EN 10088. The processing of aluminum according to DIN 17611 is particularly important in window, facade and occasionally railing construction . The composite with plastics and glass is part of structural engineering such as window construction, winter gardens and railing systems.
The structures assigned to metal construction include the manufacture and assembly of:
- Windows
- Doors
- Metal facades and cladding, suspended metal ceilings
- Window walls, also showcases, house elements
- Canopies, winter gardens, canopies
- Play and gymnastics equipment
- Gates, flaps, concertina bars
- Stages, walkways, covers
- Metal stairs and railings
The restrictions of EN 1993 must be observed for catwalks, stages and stairs. From a technical requirement defined there, such as the size of the supporting structure, the construction no longer falls within the scope of metal construction and the much higher technical requirements of the European standard must be observed. For welding work, approval from small or large companies may then be required for welding .
job profile
The job of metalworker requires the trainee to learn a variety of different skills: scribing , separating and assembling workpieces according to drawings, joining by screw connections , riveting or welding , operating machines for forming, such as cant benches and other bending machines, and operation of column boring mills and saws. As before, however, is the manual control method for cold and hot forming and separating or grinding of workpieces of paramount importance. The trainee learns to assemble the components professionally and to manufacture smaller constructions himself in the workshop using his own measurement sketches.
history
Metal construction is one of the oldest trades. From the 14th century the small smiths formed their own guild. Their products were door, curtain, chest and cassette locks, keys as well as fittings, door hinges, door handles and door knockers, so that the job title of "small blacksmith" changed into "locksmith".
With the beginning of industrialization in the 19th century, the field of activity of the locksmiths changed. The machines required for industrial production had to be manufactured and maintained. The building and art locksmith's trade (also called city locksmithing), which deals with the production of structural metal products such as grids, railings, smaller steel structures, and the machine fitters formed their own branches of the craft.
Occupational fields and training
Germany
From 1989 onwards, some professions were reorganized and named differently. From the locksmith was construction technique - metal workers , the metalworkers of the metal worker - metal design and out of the country machinist of the metal workers - utility vehicle . The original three-year training period was extended to 3 1 ⁄ 2 years.
Metal worker is a training occupation according to the German craft regulations . The apprenticeship period lasts 3 1 ⁄ 2 years and takes place in the dual system both in the training company and, mainly in the vocational school, in inter-company training. Under certain conditions, the training can be shortened by half a year. In the third year of training, the metal worker can specialize in the individual fields as a metal designer, construction technician or commercial vehicle builder.
The inter-company training in the vocational school is intended to impart theoretical knowledge to the trainee - also interdisciplinary - and, for example, promote general knowledge through the subjects of German and politics. In addition, a large number of inter-company courses impart technical knowledge, for which the training companies often neither have the time nor - also due to the frequent specialization of the craft companies - the technical means available. In principle, the training can also be completed in inter-company training at vocational or technical schools . This is particularly useful for young people who have not found a commercial training position. The largest trainer, however, is the skilled trades, whose companies looked after around 36,000 training positions in 2009. Training in a commercial enterprise offers the advantage that the trainee can be integrated into everyday working life at an early stage - even with performance requirements. For young people with deficits in school education or socialization , however, an inter-company training or a vocational preparation year with the corresponding internships can be advantageous for development, since here you usually better address the needs and deficits of the trainees and they focus on professional life can prepare.
For trained metalworkers with at least one year of professional experience, there is the possibility of nationwide advanced training to become a certified construction manager for the metal trade . As supervisors and decision-makers at the middle management level, construction managers in the metalworking trade are responsible for the execution of planned construction measures / projects and ensure that the work is carried out on schedule, economically and in accordance with the applicable contracts, regulations and laws.
Course content:
1. Organization of construction sites:
a) the organization and implementation of construction sites
b) the selection and provision of material
2. Installation services:
the implementation, monitoring and acceptance of assembly services
3. Leadership and communication:
a) coordination with those involved in the construction
b) ensuring occupational, health and environmental protection in the assembly area
c) staff management and qualifications
d) the use of personnel
4. Documentation and customer support:
a) the data acquisition and evaluation
b) the documentation and costing
c) quality management
d) customer advice and support
e) handling complaints
Further training as a metalworker to become a master metalworker can take place directly after the journeyman's examination . In addition, there is the possibility of specializing as a farrier and further training opportunities to become a technician, for example in the fields of metal construction, machine technology or automation technology.
Austria
In Austria, the job is a locksmith in the construction sector . In this area only the construction trades are collected, other metalworking is mostly settled under the generic term of the professional group metal technician , which includes not only the locksmith but also the metalworking profession (mainly the classic machine fitter ). Forging technology is thus divided into different professions.
Switzerland
The training to become an EFZ metalworker takes four years in Switzerland. The possible fields of study are metal construction, forging or steel construction. The former apprenticeship as a blacksmith went on in the metalworker EFZ.
See also
Web links
Germany:
Switzerland:
- http://www.berufsberatung.ch/dyn/1199.aspx?id=2966
- http://www.sbfi.admin.ch/bvz/grundbildung/index.html?detail=1&typ=EFZ&item=739&lang=de
Individual evidence
- ↑ metalworkers in Berufenet the Federal Employment Agency
- ↑ The development of the professional profile of the locksmith
- ↑ metalworkers in Berufenet the Federal Employment Agency
- ^ Metalworking as a trainer ( Memento from December 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Locksmith in the construction sector. In AMS: Career Information System (accessed May 23, 2019).
- ↑ Locksmith. In AMS: Career Information System (accessed May 23, 2019).