Mexican sunflower
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Mexican sunflower ( Tithonia diversifolia ) |
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| Tithonia diversifolia | ||||||||||||
| ( Hemsl. ) A. Gray |
The Mexican sunflower ( Tithonia diversifolia ) is a species of the genus Tithonia within the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The Mexican sunflower does not belong to the genus of sunflowers ( Helianthus ).
Occurrence
The Mexican sunflower is found in the ruderal vegetation in Mexico , Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama. It is a neophyte in tropical and southern Africa, in tropical Asia, in China, Taiwan, Australia, in South America, in Texas, Florida, on islands in the Caribbean, in the Pacific and in the Indian Ocean.
Description and phenology
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Tithonia diversifolia grows as a bushy, perennial herbaceous plant and can reach a height of up to 3 meters. In total inflorescences are up to 14 basket-shaped inflorescences. The ray and tubular flowers are colored pure yellow.
The flowering time begins with the onset of reduced solar radiation in the winter half-year and lasts north of the equator until March, south of the equator from April to August (short-day plant). In Mexico (Estado de Guerrero) there are plants that are not influenced by the length of daylight during flowering, but by the amount and duration of the irregular rainfall.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.
use
The Mexican sunflower is used as an ornamental plant outside of Central America . In some countries, especially in Africa and Asia, there are overgrown stocks; there she is a neophyte .
In South America there are approaches to establish Tithonia diversifolia as a protein-rich forage crop. Furthermore, attempts are being made to use this species for green manure , which is characterized by good biomass production and high nutrient content .
Since the 1990s, medical research has dealt with the ingredients of the Mexican sunflower from various angles , in particular with sesquiterpenes - especially with Tagitinin C.
In Mexico , folk medicine , the leaves are dried in a mortar and moistened with tequila and then pounded, then taken orally against parasites of the gastrointestinal tract. The taste is extremely bitter, so the addition of mangoes or berries is common to improve the taste. The Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) tries to scientifically prove this knowledge of natural healers (curanderos).
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- ^ A b Tithonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 4, 2018.
- ^ Tithonia diversifolia at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Clara Inés Ríos Katto, Amparo Salazar: Botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray) una fuente proteica alternativa para el trópico. In: Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 6, No. 3, 1995. CIPAV. ISSN 0121-3784 , online.
- ↑ Elizabeth Olivares: Nutrientes y Metales en Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) Gray (Asteraceae). Centro de Ecología. Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas. Venezuela 1999, online.
- ↑ B. Jama, CA Palm, RJ Buresh, A. Niang, C. Gachengo, G. Nziguheba, B. Amadalo: Tithonia diversifolia as a green manure for soil fertility improvement in western Kenya: A review. In: Agroforestry Systems. Volume 49, No. 2, 2000, pp. 201-221. ISSN 0167-4366 , DOI: 10.1023 / A: 1006339025728 .
- ↑ TO Elufioye, JM Agbedahunsi: Antimalarial activities of Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae) and Crossopteryx febrifuga (Rubiaceae) on mice in vivo. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Volume 93, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 167-171, PMID 15234749 , doi: 10.1016 / j.jep.2004.01.009 .
- ↑ VB Owoyele, CO Wuraola, AO Soladoye, SB Olaleye: Studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Tithonia diversifolia leaf extract. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Volume 90, No. 2-3, 2004, pp. 317-321, PMID 15013196 , doi: 10.1016 / j.jep.2003.10.010 .
- ↑ Jian-Qiao Gu, Joell J. Gills, Eun Jung Park, Eugenia Mata-Greenwood, Michael E. Hawthorne, Franklin Axelrod, Pedro I. Chavez, Harry HS Fong, Rajendra G. Mehta, John M. Pezzuto, A. Douglas Kinghorn: Sesquiterpenoids from Tithonia diversifolia with Potential Cancer Chemopreventive Activity. In: Journal of Natural Products . Vol. 65, No. 4, 2002, pp. 532-536, PMID 11975495 , DOI: 10.1021 / np010545m .
- ↑ Yueh-Hsiung Kuo, Chia-Hsien Chen: Sesquiterpenes from the Leaves of Tithonia diversifolia. In: Journal of Natural Products. Volume 61, No. 6, 1998, pp. 827-828, PMID 9644077 , DOI: 10.1021 / np970530h .
- ↑ Eric Goffin, Eric Ziemons, Patrick De Mol, Maria do Céu de Madureira, Ana Paula Martins, Antonio Proença da Cunha, Geneviève Philippe, Monique Tits, Luc Angenot, Michel Frederich: In Vitro Antiplasmodial Activity of Tithonia diversifolia and Identification of its Main Active Constituent: Tagitinin C. In: Planta Med . Volume 68, No. 6, 2002, pp. 543-545, PMID 12094301 , DOI: 10.1055 / s-2002-32552 .
- ^ Abraham García, Guillermo Delgado: Constituents from Tithonia diversifolia. Stereochemical Revision of 2α-Hydroxytirotundin. In: Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society. Volume 50, No. 4, 2006, pp. 180-183, PDF file. ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
literature
- Clara Inés Ríos Katto: Guía para el cultivo y aprovechamiento del botón de oro (Tithonia diversifolia) Hemsl. Gray. In: Ciencia y Tecnología series. No. 104. Convenio Andrés Bello (CAB), Bogotá, DC, Colombia 2002, ISBN 958-698-088-X , limited preview in Google Book search.
- Elizabeth Olivares: The effect of lead on the phytochemestry of Tithonia diversifolia, a ruderal weedy species utilized in agroforestry in the tropics. In: Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology. Volume 15, No. 3, 2003, pp. 149-158, ISSN 1677-0420 , DOI: 10.1590 / S1677-04202003000300004 .
