Mikhail Yaroslavich

Mikhail Yaroslavich before the Mongol Khan

Mikhail Yaroslavich ( Russian Михаи́л Яросла́вич ; * 1271 ; † November 22, 1318 ) was Grand Duke of Tver and Vladimir from 1304 .

origin

Mikhail Yaroslavich comes from the Rurikid dynasty and from the line of the Grand Dukes of Vladimir , which goes back to Yuri Vladimirovich called Dolgorukij (Longhand) († 1157), Prince of Rostov , Grand Prince of Kiev and founder of Moscow .

Mikhail's father was Yaroslav III. Yaroslavl (* 1230, † 1272), Prince of Perjeslavl, 1247 Grand Prince of Tver , 1253 Prince of Pleskau (Pskow) and Prince of Novgorod and from 1264 to 1271 Grand Prince of Vladimir .

His mother was Ksenia Jurewna, a daughter of the boyar Yuri Mikhailovich from Novgorod, who was his father's second wife since 1263.

Life

Michail had an older half-brother from his father's first marriage, Svyatosaw Yaroslavich, who succeeded Prince of Pleskau in 1266 and in 1271 as Grand Duke of Tver. Since Grand Duke Svyatozaw died without heirs, Mikhail succeeded him as Grand Duke Prince of Tver in 1282/85, became Prince of Novgorod in 1312 and ruled from 1315 to 1318 as Grand Duke of Vladimir.

During Mikhail's reign the bitterly fought conflict over supremacy in Russia and the Principality of Moscow fell . The disputes sparked off because of the grand prince's dignity . It began to become more attractive again at the beginning of the 14th century after a period of decline, as it became clear that the Khan of the Golden Horde would leave the collection of taxes to the Grand Duke. When Grand Duke Andrei died in 1304, his nephew Mikhail was the legitimate successor according to the seniority principle and was also appointed by Khan Tohtu . Before that, however, Prince Yuri Daniilowitsch of Moscow had registered his claim to the dignity of the Grand Duke. Even after the khan's decision, Yuri, allied with the trading city of Novgorod , continued to advance against Mikhail, whereupon Yuri was summoned to the Mongol court by the new Khan Uzbek in 1312 and had to stay there for two years. During this time, however, Jurij managed to win the Khan on his side: He received the hand of Özbeg's sister Konchaka, a Jarlyk about the Grand Duke of Vladimir and military support. Under a pretext that the inhabitants of Tver were drawn to the enemies of the Tatars, the Lithuanians, Yury set his troops on the march against Tver, after he had also allied himself with Novgorod.

In June 1317, however, the Moscow Yuri suffered a defeat against Mikhail Yaroslavich. Among other things, Konchaka was captured by Mikhail. This success brought mischief to the Prince of Tver. The wife of the Moscow prince died under unknown circumstances. Yuri did not hesitate for a moment, turned to the Khan and accused Mikhail of the willful killing of his wife, thus sealing the fate of the Grand Duke. Jurij received the title of Grand Duke and Özbeg quoted Mikhail in front of him. Mikhail did not want to abandon his city Tver to devastation and appeared before the Khan. Özbeg sentenced Mikhail: "You have not delivered the tribute to Khan, you fought to the Messenger, you killed the Princess of Grand Prince Yuri." The Grand Duke was a yoke folded, he was detained under degrading conditions and tortured, and ultimately in Stabbed to death in winter 1318.

Because of his death by the Mongols, Mikhail was canonized in the Orthodox Church in 1549 .

Marriage and offspring

In 1294 Michail Jaroslawitsch married Princess Anna Dimitriewna von Rostow (* around 1280, † October 3, 1368), who was canonized as Anna of Kashin in 1650 . She was a daughter of Dimitri Borissowitsch (born September 11, 1253, † 1293/94), who was Prince of Rostov in 1276–1286 and Prince of Uglich in 1289.

progeny

• Dimitri II. Michailowitsch "Groznye Otschi" (with the threatening look) (* September 15 / October 1299, † executed by the Mongols in Sarai on September 15, 1326), since 1318 Grand Duke of Tver , Grand Duke of Vladimir (1322–1326 ), ⚭ 1320 Marija Princess of Lithuania († 1348), daughter of Grand Duke Gediminas of Lithuania (1316-1341) (no children)
• Feodora Mikhailovna (* October 11, 1300, †?) (Unmarried)
• Alexander I. Mikhailovich (* October 7, 1301, † October 29, 1339) Grand Duke of Vladimir and of Tver (1326-1327), 1328 Prince of Novgorod and Pleskau , Grand Duke of Tver (1337-1339), ⚭ 1320 Anastasia Yuryevna princess of Galicia , a daughter of Yuri I. Levowitsch, King of Galicia (1301–1308) (descendants: the grand princes of Tver (until 1486), the princes of Cholm and Mikulin)
• Konstantin Michailowitsch (* 1306, † 1346), Grand Duke of Tver (1327–1337 and 1339–1346), Prince of Dorogobusch , ⚭ I. 1320 Sofja Jurjewna Princess of Vladimir, daughter of Jurij I Daniilowitsch (* 1281, † murdered 21 November 1325) Grand Duke of Vladimir (1318–1322) Prince of Moscow (1303–1325); ⚭ II. Eudoxia Ne, († 1264) (descendants from first marriage: the princes of Dorogobusch, later the princes Dorogobuiski and the princes Chernyatinsky)
• Vasily Michailowitsch († 1367/68), 1339 Prince of Katschin, Grand Duke of Tver (1349-1367) ⚭ 1329 Jelena Ivanovna Princess of Bryansk , († after 1379), daughter of Ivan Romanovich Prince of Bryansk (descendants: the princes of Katschin )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke : Europäische Stammtafeln , Neue Folg , Volume II, Plate 140, Stargardt Verlag, Marburg, 1984
2. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, op. Cit. Plate 143
3. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, op. Cit. Plate 142
4. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke op. Cit. Plate 148
5. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, op. Cit. Plate 148 and 149
6. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, op. Cit. Plate 144
7. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke, op. Cit. Plate 148

literature

• Lev [Nikolaevič] Gumiljow: From Rus to Russia: The ethnic history of the Russians told in a fascinating way (original title: Ot Rusi k Rosii , translated by Olga Großmann and Inge Pforr). Monsenstein and Vannerdat, Münster 2005, ISBN 978-3-86582-214-7 .

Web links

Commons : Mikhail Yaroslavich  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

predecessor	Office	successor
Andrei II.	Russian ruler	Yuri I. Daniilovich