Mikhail Warfolomejewitsch Makarov

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Mikhail Warfolomejewitsch Makarov , alias Carlos Alamo , Deck Name: Charles ( Russian Михаил Варфоломеевич Макаров , * 2. January 1915 in Tetyushi , Tatarstan or September 20, 1915 in Kazan ; †?) Was a Soviet linguist and as GRU -Kundschafter one of the organizers of Red Chapel in Belgium and the Netherlands.

biography

Makarov was born in a poor family and lost his father at an early age. He went to school in his hometown for seven years and then attended the Institute for Foreign Languages ​​in Moscow. Then he worked as a translator.

After the first delivery of the Mosca fighter planes to the Spanish Republic on October 31, 1936, he was sent to Spain as an air force officer to translate for the air forces of the Republican Army. There he was trained as a gunner and took part in the Spanish Civil War.

He then attended a GRU reconnaissance school and received a Uruguayan passport in New York in the name of Carlos Alamo , born April 12, 1913 in Montevideo.

In March 1939 Makarow was sent to Leopold Trepper in Belgium . From the USSR he went to Stockholm, from there via Copenhagen and Paris. In Brussels he married Alexandra Petrowa, nee Schmidt or Schmitz. Makarov was a lieutenant in the Red Army and specialized in making forged papers and using invisible ink.

After the recruitment of Abraham Raichman , Makarov no longer had to produce forged documents and he dealt with radio communications. For this he received instructions from Johann Wenzel . As the owner of a branch of the "Foreign Excellent Trench-Coat Company" in Ostend , whose managing director was Makarow, Trepper took care of the camouflage . Makarow lived in Ostend with Caroline Hoorickx, the divorced wife of Guillaume Hoorickx . In May 1940, after the bombing of Ostend, which damaged the company's building, Makarov returned to Brussels. Makarov managed to re-establish the connection to the GRU headquarters.

In the summer of 1941 Anton Danilow became an assistant radio operator at Makarow in Brussels. His radio was at 101 rue des Atrebates , where Rita Arnould and Sophia Poznanska lived. The Germans arrested Danilov during a radio link on the night of December 12-13, 1941, and Makarov was also arrested the next morning.

From the early summer of 1942 he was imprisoned together with David Kamy in Breendonk - before that, there had been special interrogation for two weeks in Berlin by the head of the Gestapo's own special command, Red Orchestra , Karl Giering , who identified him by his real name; In March 1943 Makarow was sentenced to death by a special detachment from the Reich Court Martial , the sentence was not carried out.

According to the protocols of the Belgian police, he was housed in Saint-Gilles prison, sentenced to death and executed in Plötzensee prison in Berlin .

Awards

Honors

On December 13, 2006, the members of the Red Band imprisoned there were honored at the Fort Breendonk Memorial by the Russian Ambassador Vadim B. Lukow, who also named Mikhail Makarov .

literature

  • Margarete Barcza : memories. In: Luis T. Bonmati: Ultimo acorde para la Orchestra Roja . Alicante 1990, pp. 125-239.
  • Hans Coppi junior : The “Red Orchestra” in the field of tension between resistance and intelligence work. The Trepper Report from June 1943. (pdf 7 MB) ; In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte. 3/1996.
  • Hans Schafranek , Johannes Tuchel (Ed.): War in the ether. Resistance and espionage in World War II. Picus Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-854-52470-6 .
  • Gilles Perrault : On the trail of the Red Chapel. Europaverlag, Vienna and Munich 1994, ISBN 3-203-51232-7 .
  • Heinz Höhne: Password Director. The story of the Red Chapel. (1st edition 1970) S. Fischer Verlag , Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 310032501X .
  • Heinz Höhne, Gilles Perrault: "ptx calls Moscow". The story of the Red Chapel. In: Der Spiegel . No. 23-30, 1968.
  • Leopold Trepper: The truth. Autobiography. dtv, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-423-01387-7 .

swell

Movies

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Coppi: THE “RED CHAPEL” IN THE TENSION OF RESISTANCE AND NEWS SERVICE ACTIVITIES. (pdf) The Trepper Report from June 1943. In: Viertel Jahres Hefte für Zeitgeschichte. Karl Dietrich Bracher, Hans Peter Schwarz, Horst Möller, 1996, p. 446 , accessed on May 7, 2015 (noted in footnote 15, page specification as in the PDF page would be 122).
  2. ^ Rudolf Radler: Appendix 1 - Victims and survivors of the Red Orchestra in Western Europe and Germany. Attempt to take stock. In: Leopold Trepper: The Truth. Autobiography. dtv, Munich 1978, ISBN 3-423-01387-7 , p. 373.
  3. ↑ VADIM B.LUKOV : LE DISCOURS DE SEMVADIM B.LUKOV, AMBASSADEUR DE RUSSIE, A LA CEREMONIE DE DÉPÔT DE LA COURONNE SUR LES LIEUX DE L'EXECUTION DES HEROS DE «L'ORCHESTRE ROUGE». Russian Foreign Ministry, December 13, 2006, archived from the original on August 24, 2007 ; accessed on May 7, 2015 (French).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Makarov, Mikhail Warfolomejewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Макаров, Михаил Варфоломеевич; Alamo, Carlos; Charles (alias)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet Romanist and officer in the Soviet military intelligence service GRU
DATE OF BIRTH January 2, 1915 or September 20, 1915
PLACE OF BIRTH Tetyushi , Tatarstan or Kazan
DATE OF DEATH 20th century or 21st century