Microhyla mukhlesuri
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Microhyla mukhlesuri |
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| Microhyla mukhlesuri | ||||||||||||
| Hasan , Islam , Kuramoto , Kurabayashi & Sumida , 2014 |
Microhyla mukhlesuri is a frog from the genus Microhyla in the subfamily real narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinae) of the family narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinidae). It was only described in 2014and is distributed from the northeast Indian state of Mizoram through the Chittagong district in the extreme southeast of Bangladesh and Myanmar to Malaysia .
description
Microhyla mukhlesuri is a small frog with a slender and somewhat elongated body and a head-to-trunk length of 16.5 to 21 millimeters for male and 17.3 to 18.4 millimeters for female frogs. Specimens preserved in ethanol are dark gray to brownish in color on the back, the sides are lighter gray and the underside is whitish in color. A dark X-shaped drawing on the back and a black drawing in the form of an inverted letter U above the anus are characteristic of the species. The head length and head width are roughly in the ratio eight to seven. The nostrils are closer to the tip of the snout than to the eyes. The tongue is narrow and elliptical, the eardrum is not visible. The interpupillary distance is greater than the distance between the nostrils and the width of the eyelids. The fingers are slender and have no widened tips; there are clearly visible webs between them. The finger formula is 1 <4 <2 <3 and the toe formula 1 <2 <5 <3 <4. The quotient of the length of the tibia and the length of the head and trunk is 0.54. The hind legs are strong and about 1.6 times the length of the head and torso.
Microhyla mukhlesuri is very similar to the species Microhyla fissipes and Microhyla mymensinghensis . Compared with these species, it occupies a middle position in terms of head-trunk length, the quotient of the length of the tibia and head-trunk length, as well as the length of the hind legs and head-trunk length. It differs from Microhyla berdmorei in that it has only rudimentary webbed feet and from Microhyla ornata in that it has a spur on the outer metatarsus.
distribution
The type location is located in the Upazila Raozan ( 22 ° 35 '0 " N , 91 ° 55' 0" O ) in the district Chittagong the Division Chittagong in the far south-east of Bangladesh , at a height of about nine meters above the sea level. The type location is a meadow near a pond, with moist and loose soil. There the species lives sympatric with unspecified frogs of the genus Fejervarya .
The distribution area includes the south-east of Bangladesh and the adjacent Indian state of Mizoram, the south of the Chinese province of Yunnan , Thailand , Laos and Vietnam , Myanmar , Malaysia and Cambodia and thus almost all of Southeast Asia.
Way of life
Microhyla mukhlesuri likely feeds on a wide variety of insects . The reproduction of Microhyla mukhlesuri was examined at the Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Museum in Bonn . This should also provide knowledge that can be useful in the conservation breeding of other species of the genus. The larval development was completed with the complete metamorphosis and the coloring of the young frogs 37 to 98 days after hatching, most animals took 73 to 80 days from hatching to metamorphosis.
Hazard and protection
The World Conservation Union IUCN has Microhyla mukhlesuri recorded in 2015 in its Red List of Fauna of Bangladesh, but because of insufficient information on classification waived (Category DD - Data Deficient ). At the time of its inclusion in the Red List, Microhyla mukhlesuri was still seen as a possible endemic to Bangladesh, the actual size of the distribution area was only known later.
Systematics
Microhyla mukhlesuri is one of more than forty species of the genus Microhyla , which are distributed over large parts of Asia from the Ryūkyū Islands in the north to China to India and Sri Lanka in the southwest and Indonesia in the southeast. Microhyla and six other genera form the subfamily of the actual narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylinae), which in turn belongs to the narrow-mouth frogs (Microhylidae) family with about twelve other subfamilies . The narrow-mouthed frogs include more than 650 species.
Initial description
In the 25th volume of the Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna of Bangladesh in 2009 only the three species Microhyla ornata , Microhyla berdmorei and Microhyla rubra were specified for the genus Microhyla . The molecular genetic study of frogs in Bangladesh by a group of biologists led by the herpetologist Mahmudul Hasan from the University of Hiroshima , published in 2012, led to the finding that, in addition to these three species, there are three cryptic species , two of which are related to the Southeast Asian species around Microhyla fissipes , Microhyla heymonsi and Microhyla okinavensis belong. The group provisionally called Microhyla cf. ornata (Chittagong, Bangladesh) or Chittagong haplogroup is a sister taxon of Microhyla fissipes and differs morphologically from this and all other species of the genus. Her first description as Microhyla mukhlesuri was in 2014 by five members of the group, including Hasan.
The holotype is an adult female of 17.9 millimeters head-torso length captured at the type site in November 2009, which is in the collection of the Institute for Amphibian Biology at the University of Hiroshima with five male and five female paratypes from the same site . The species name mukhlesuri honors the Bangladeshi professor Md. Mukhlesur Rahman Khan from the Institute of Fisheries Biology and Genetics of the Bangladesh Agricultural University for his contributions to amphibian research and for setting up cooperation with the University of Hiroshima.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Mahmudul Hasan et al .: Description of two new species of Microhyla (Anura: Microhylidae) from Bangladesh . In: Zootaxa 2014, Volume 3755, No. 5, pp. 401-418, doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa.3755.5.1 .
- ↑ a b Nils Behr and Dennis Rödder: Larval development stages and husbandry of the Rice Frog Microhyla mukhlesuri Hasan et al, 2014 (Anura: Microhylidae). . In: Bonn zoological Bulletin 2018, Volume 67, No. 2, pp. 109–116, digitized .
- ↑ Sonali Garg et al .: Delineating Microhyla ornata (Anura, Microhylidae): mitochondrial DNA barcodes resolve century-old taxonomic misidentification . In: Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2018, Volume 3, No. 2, pp. 856–861, doi: 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1501286 .
- ^ Sonali Garg et al .: Systematic revision of Microhyla (Microhylidae) frogs of South Asia: a molecular, morphological, and acoustic assessment . In: Vertebrate Zoology 2019, Volume 69, No. 1, pp. 1–71, doi: 10.26049 / VZ69-1-2019-01 .
- ↑ a b Md. Kamrul Hasan: Microhyla mukhlesuri . In: IUCN Bangladesh (ed.): Red List of Bangladesh. Volume 4. Reptiles and Amphibians . International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka 2015, ISBN 978-984-34-0737-5 , p. 200 and p. 269.
- ↑ Mahmudul Hasan et al .: Cryptic Anuran Biodiversity in Bangladesh Revealed by Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene Sequences . In: Zoological Science 2012, Volume 29, No. 3, pp. 162-172, doi: 10.2108 / zsj.29.162 .