Mieczysław Centnerszwer

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Mieczysław Centnerszwer

Mieczysław Centnerszwer (born July 10, 1874 in Warsaw ; † March 27, 1944 ibid) was a Polish chemist and university professor in Riga and Warsaw.

Life

Born into a Polish-Jewish family as the son of the publisher Gabriel Centnerszwer (1841–1917) and grandson of the mathematician Jakub Centnerszwer (1798–1880), Centnerszwer studied at the University of Leipzig with Wilhelm Ostwald from 1891 to 1898 and completed his studies with a doctorate. Since 1898, at the invitation of Paul Walden , he was appointed lecturer for chemistry and electrochemistry at the Technical University of Riga . From 1905 he taught inorganic chemistry there, after receiving a master's degree from the University of Saint Petersburg in 1904. In 1917 he was promoted to professor. In 1919 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the University of Latvia , which emerged from the Polytechnic. In 1928 he came to Warsaw , where in 1932 he took over the chair of physical chemistry at the University of Warsaw . He was elected a member of the Polish Academy of Scholarship . In 1928 he was awarded the Officer's Order of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques .

He conducted research in the fields of chemical kinetics (including the thermal decomposition of carbonates), corrosion of metals, melt flow electrolysis for the production of sodium and calcium and equilibrium in multiphase arrangements. With Walden he was a pioneer in the study of non-aqueous solvents when he studied sulfur dioxide as a solvent from 1899. He wrote (also with his co-workers) over 100 papers.

While studying in Leipzig Centnerszwer met the Baltic German Franziska Anna Beck, whom he married on September 23, 1900 in Berlin.

After the outbreak of World War II , Centnerszwer formally divorced in order to protect his non-Jewish wife from racial persecution and was sent to the Warsaw Ghetto himself . Shortly before the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto , he fled and found refuge with his wife outside the ghetto walls. Betrayed, probably by the caretaker's son, he was shot dead by the Gestapo on March 27, 1944 in front of his wife . He was buried in the Powązki cemetery , and his 70-year-old wife was deported to Germany for forced labor.

Patents

Works

In German language:

  • Radium and radioactivity  : BG Teubner Verlag, Leipzig and Berlin: 1913
  • The chemical relationship and its significance for technology  : Riga: Jonck & Poliewsky, 1914
  • Dissolution rate of aluminum in alkaline solutions (with W. Wittandt): Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków: 1930
  • Ebullioscopic experiments (with Mikołaj Łaźniewski): Academic Publishing Society: 1932

Otherwise:

  • Cours de manipulations de chimie physique et d'électrochimie, Gauthier-Villars 1914
  • Teoria Jonów (Theory of Ions), 1902
  • Szkice z historii chemii, dziesięć wykładów popularnych (Sketches from the history of chemistry), 1909

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ According to the report of her daughter, Jadwiga Grohman, in the Jewish Historical Institute Warsaw AZ 6574
personal data
SURNAME Centnerszwer, Mieczysław
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish university professor, chemist
DATE OF BIRTH July 10, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Warsaw , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH March 27, 1944
Place of death Warsaw , Poland