Miguel Hernández

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Miguel Hernández (1939)

Miguel Hernández Gilabert (born October 30, 1910 in Orihuela (Alicante), † March 28, 1942 in Alicante ) was one of the most important Spanish poets and dramatists of the 20th century.

Life

Miguel Hernández Gilabert was born the son of a goatherd and had six siblings, three of whom died. At the age of 14 he had to leave school because his father needed his help with work. But his enthusiasm for literature and poetry was so great that Miguel spent a lot of time in libraries studying the works of great authors of the Siglo de Oro ( Cervantes , Lope de Vega , Calderón de la Barca and Luis de Góngora ). During his short school years he met José Marín Gutiérrez alias Ramón Sijé , who took on an important role in his later life. In 1929 his first article was published in a local newspaper called El Pueblo .

In 1932, Miguel Hernández went to Madrid for the first time , but without much success. During his second visit to the capital, he made the acquaintance of two important poets, Pablo Neruda and Vicente Aleixandre . On March 9, 1937, Miguel Hernández married Josefina Manresa, a woman from his hometown. Soon their son was born, who died in 1938 at the age of one. Miguel Hernández Gilabert wrote poetry for both his deceased son ( Hijo de la luz y la sombra ) and his second son (1939–1982). He fought for a short time in the 5th regiment on the Republican side during the Spanish Civil War . Through his volume of poetry Viento del pueblo (1937) he became an important poet of the struggle for freedom. In the summer of 1937 he took part in the 2nd International Congress of Anti-Fascist Authors and then briefly traveled to the Soviet Union .

In April 1939 Franco declared the civil war over, after which Miguel tried to flee to Portugal . Shortly after the border near Huelva , however, he was arrested by the Portuguese police and extradited to the Spanish Guardia Civil . He was brought to Seville from Huelva and served part of his sentence in Madrid, where he wrote Nanas de la cebolla . In March 1940, Miguel Hernández was sentenced to death by a military tribunal in which Judge Manuel Martínez Margallo and Secretary Antonio Luis Baena Tocón participated. A short time later, due to international protests, the sentence was limited to 30 years in prison. Under the inhumane conditions of changing prisons, he fell ill with pneumonia , bronchitis and typhoid . On March 28, 1942 Miguel Hernández died in Reformatorio de Alicante to tuberculosis . He was the only member of the Generación del 27 who did not come from a middle-class family and could not enjoy a comprehensive education. Occasionally he is also assigned to the Generación del 36 .

In February 2011, the Madrid Supreme Court refused to overturn the death sentence at the request of the Hernández family. The Fifth Chamber of the Court noted that the 2007 Historical Remembrance Act identified as illegitimate all judicial judgments made on political or ideological grounds during the Franco era.

Other works

  • Perito en Lunas (1934)
  • El rayo que no cesa (1936)
  • El labrador de más aire (1936)
  • Teatro en la Guerra - La cola, El hombrecito, El refugiado, Los sentados (1937)
  • Viento del pueblo (Valencia 1937)
  • El hombre acecha (1938–1939)
  • Cancionero y Romancero de Ausencias (unfinished, 1938–1942)
  • Pastor de la muerte (Drama, 1937)

Poems set to music

The following poems were set to music and sung by the songwriter Joan Manuel Serrat (* 1943 in Barcelona):

  • Canción del esposo soldado
  • Cerca del agua
  • Como el toro he nacido para el luto
  • Dale que dale
  • Del ay al ay por el ay
  • El mundo de los demás
  • El niño yuntero
  • Fue una alegría de una sola vez
  • Hijo de la luz y de la sombra
  • La boca
  • La palmera levantina
  • Las abarcas desiertas
  • Llegó con tres heridas
  • Menos tu vientre
  • Nanas de la cebolla
  • Para cuando me ves tengo compuesto
  • Para la libertad
  • Romancillo de Mayo
  • Si me matan, bueno
  • Sólo quien ama vuela
  • Tus cartas son un vino
  • Umbrio por la pena
  • Uno de aquellos o [ Al soldado internacional caído en España ]

On the occasion of Miguel Hernández's 100th birthday, the Spanish musician set to music a song in his honor after 2010, entitled Hoy converso con Miguel , which also includes a series of quotations from Hernández's works.

German editions

  • Poems. Poemas. Selected and transferred by Erich Arendt and Katja Heyer-Arendt. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1965 (bilingual).
  • The olive tree tastes of time. Verlag Volk und Welt, 1972, ISBN 978-5-4879-5847-1 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Antony Beevor : La Guerre d'Espagne . No. 31153 . Éditions Calmann-Lévy, Paris 2006, ISBN 978-2-253-12092-6 , pp. 717 (traduit de l'anglais par Jean-François Sené, première parution: Weindenfeld & Nicolson Publishers).
  2. ↑ FAZ of February 21, 2011, page 27: No grace.
  3. ↑ Characterization in: Miguel Hernández. In: Kindler's new literary lexicon. Munich 1996. Vol. 7, p. 754 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Hernández, Miguel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hernández Gilabert, Miguel (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish poet and playwright
DATE OF BIRTH October 30, 1910
PLACE OF BIRTH Orihuela Alicante
DATE OF DEATH March 28, 1942
Place of death Alicante