Milan from Šufflay

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Milan from Šufflay

Milan von Šufflay ( Croatian Milan plemeniti Šuflaj ; born November 8, 1879 in Lepoglava , Austria-Hungary , † February 19, 1931 in Zagreb , Kingdom of Yugoslavia ) was a historian , university professor and politician of the Croatian Party of Law .

His specialty was Albanology (science of Albanian culture). He was scientific advisor to the Croatian people's and peasant leader Stjepan Radić and his successor Vladko Maček . In 1931 he was murdered by agents of the Royal Yugoslav Police in a political assassination attempt.

Live and act

Šufflay graduated from elementary school in Lepoglava. After high school he studied history and classical philology at the University of Zagreb . From 1902 to 1903 Šufflay was at the Institute for Austrian Historical Research in Vienna . From 1904 to 1908 he was an assistant at the Hungarian National Museum in Budapest . From 1912 to 1918 he was a full professor of medieval history in Zagreb. In 1913 and 1918 he published two books in Vienna entitled Acta et diplomata res Albaniae mediae aetatis illustrantia .

The Zagreb professor was a member of the Croatian parliamentary group in the Yugoslav parliament at a time when there was a charged mood in the country due to the political contradictions between the forces loyal to the king and centralist and the federalist forces.

In 1921, Šufflay was charged with contact with Croatian emigrants and on charges of espionage. A Yugoslav court sentenced him to three years in prison for "high treason against Yugoslavia". In his defense speech in June 1921, Šufflay said:

"Croatia has its constitutional law and the Croats as a political nation kat exochen , the right to self-determination. The breaking of ties with the existing Austro-Hungarian monarchy on October 29, 1918 is the basis of the independent state of Croatia. This state is not in a traditional association; here there is no “indivisibiliter ac inseparabiliter” [“indivisible and inseparable” - motto of Austria-Hungary]. If I am therefore accused of wanting to separate the existing Croatian state from the non-existing Kingdom of SHS , this is a legal and logical error. [...] My thesis is that the Croatian nation, as a citizen of the great empire of western civilization, has the right to speak out against any oppression and if there is no other way, then through occidentem appello [invocation of the west ]. [...] Anyone who knows history knows that the Yugoslav idea has no dynamism. It is insignificant against the powerful Croatian idea. [...] As a philosopher and Croat, it does not really matter to me personally whether I am sitting in a small cell of the court or another penal institution or whether I am in the so-called freedom, in the big prison in which the whole Croatian people - thank god only temporarily - languishes. "

Due to the prison sentence, Šufflay lost his professorship at the University of Zagreb, but was also prevented from emigrating in order to accept an equivalent professorship offered to him at the University of Budapest in Hungary. So he earned his living as a journalist and moved on the fringes of political events.

Shortly before the visit of the Yugoslav king Alexander I in Zagreb, well-known Zagreb personalities received death threats: If they demonstrated against the king, they and their families would pay with their lives. It was signed “ For King and Fatherland ”. In the meantime, the Yugoslav King Alexander gave a speech to an association loyal to the king called "Young Yugoslavia". There he spoke of the removal of the elected Croatian representatives from the Yugoslav parliament - 1928 should be taken as a model (at that time a Montenegrin deputy shot and killed four deputies of the Croatian Peasant Party, including its leader Stjepan Radić ; the Croatian parties then resigned Participation in the Belgrade parliament, but officially did not question the king's authority).

The pro-government press incited against Croatian intellectuals and politicians; the newspaper Naša sloga wrote on February 18, 1931: “Your heads will be smashed”. On the night of the same day, agents of the Yugoslav police carried out an attack on Šufflay in the street on Dalmatinska ulica in Zagreb . The agent Branko Zwerger hit his skull with a heavy rod. The method chosen was the same as that used in the assassination attempt on Croatian writer Mile Budak a year later. After the establishment of the Croatian bank , the perpetrator Zwerger and other perpetrators were tried in 1940. It was found that all those involved were in the service of the Yugoslav police and that the attack was organized by the head of the Yugoslav police in Zagreb. Branko Zwerger was sentenced to life imprisonment. At the time of the fascist Independent State of Croatia , the process was reopened and dwarfs were executed in Lepoglava prison.

Fonts

Scientific

Novels

  • Konstantin Balšić (1392-1401) . Zagreb 1920 (pseudonym: Alba Lini).
  • Na Pacifiku god. 2255.: metagenetički roman u četiri knjige . 1924 (first Croatian science fiction novel, reprinted 1998).
  • Srbi i Arbanasi: Njihova simbioza u srednjem vijeku . 1925.
  • Hrvati u sredovječnom svjetskom viru . 1931.

literature

  • Emilij Laszowski: ŠUFFLAY pl. MILAN dr. In: Emilij Laszowski (ed.): Znameniti i zaslužni Hrvati: te pomena vrijedna lica u hrvatskoj povijesti od 925–1925 [Famous and deserving Croatians: meaning and value in Croatian history from 925–1925] . Hrvatska štamparska zavod, 1925, p. 259 .
  • Croatian University Clubs Association (ed.): Appeal of Croatian Academics to the Cultural World: How the Croatian Scholar, Univ. Prof. Dr. Milan Sufflay, murdered by the Serbian royal dictatorship . Zagreb 1931.
  • Lazar Dodić: Milan Šufflay's contribution to Albanian historical research . Ed .: Alois Schmaus (=  contributions to knowledge of Southeast Europe and the Near East . Volume 8 ). Trofenik, Munich 1969.
  • Bosiljka Janjatović: Politički teror u Hrvatskoj 1918. – 1935. [Political terror in Croatia 1918–1935] . Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb 2002, ISBN 953-6491-71-0 .
  • Darko Sagrak: Dr. Milan pl. Šufflay: hrvatski aristocrat duha . Hrvatska uzdanica, Zagreb 1998, ISBN 953-96514-0-9 .
  • Herwig Ebner (Ed.): History research in Graz: Festschrift for the 125th anniversary of the Institute for History of the Karl-Franzens-University Graz . Self-published by the Institute for History at the Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 1990, ISBN 3-85375-002-8 , p. 245 f . (Short biography).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walther Peinsipp: The people of the Shkypetaren . Böhlau, 1985, ISBN 3-205-07262-6 , pp. 11 .
  2. ↑ Oliver Jens Schmitt: The Venetian Albania (1392–1479) (=  Southeast European Works . Volume 110 ). Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-486-56569-9 , p. 18 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ Oliver Jens Schmitt (Ed.): Albanian History: Status and Perspectives of Research (=  Southeast European Work . Volume 140 ). Oldenbourg Verlag, 2009, ISBN 978-3-486-58980-1 , p. 63 f . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ Florian Lichtträger [d. i. Ivo Pilar ]: Again and again Serbia: Yugoslavia's fateful hour . Verlag für Kulturpolitik, Berlin 1933, p. 50, 199 .
  5. ↑ Ante Pavelić: From the struggle for the independent state of Croatia: some documents and pictures . Croatian correspondence "Grič", Vienna 1931, p. 58 f .
  6. ^ Jozo Tomasevich: War and Revolution in Yougoslavia, 1941-1945: Occupation and Collaboration . Stanford University Press, Stanford, Ca. 2001, p. 20 .
  7. ^ Bogdan Krizman: Ante Pavelić i ustaše . 3rd edition Globus, Zagreb 1986, p. 78.
personal data
SURNAME Šufflay, Milan from
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Šuflaj, Milan plemeniti
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Croatian historian, university professor and politician of the Croatian Party of Law
DATE OF BIRTH November 8, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Lepoglava , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1931
Place of death Zagreb , Kingdom of Yugoslavia