Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad, Caliphate ul-Massih II.

Signature of Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad ( Urdu مرزا بشیر الدین محمود احمد DMG Mīrzā Bašīr ad-Dīn Maḥmūd Aḥmad ; * January 12, 1889 in Qadian ; † November 7, 1965 in Rabwah ) was the second caliphate ul-Massih of the Islamic denomination of the Ahmadiyya .

Life

Early years

He was the second son of the founder of the Ahmadiyya, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad , and Begum Nusrat Jehan. After his father died on May 26, 1908, he took the baiat (vow of loyalty) on the first caliphate ul-Massih, Nuur ud-Din . In 1912 he traveled to Egypt and Saudi Arabia , where he took part in the Hajj , among other things . In June 1913, Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad founded the newspaper al-Fazl in Qadian , which today has become the most important publication organ of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.

family

and display information about the image

Family table

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad was the eldest son of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad with his second wife Nusrat Jahan Begum, who is also called "Amma Dschan" (The Mother) in the community. He had three brothers and two sisters and two half-brothers from his father's first marriage to Hurmat Bibi.

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad married seven times, in accordance with the Islamic teachings, he never had more than four wives. He had 24 long-living children, 13 sons and 11 daughters.

Khilafat

Division in 1914

When he was elected to succeed Nuur ud-Din , Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad was confronted with the split off from the opposition faction known as the "Lahore Group" . Criticism of the caliphate system, which was felt to be too autocratic, arose during Nuur ud-Din's term in office. After his death, disagreement about this broke out and it broke out when the Mirza Bashir ud-Din group, led by Muhammad Ali and Khwaja Kamal ud-Din , refused to follow Mahmud Ahmad (discarding the baiat ). The group, later known as Ahmadiyya Andschuman Ischat-i-Islam Lahore (AAIIL), moved to Lahore and set up a praesidium led by an emir .

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad was able to gather the majority of the supporters behind him, but he was seriously weakened by the loss of the intellectual, executive and administrative elite. Consolidating the community was a difficult task for the 25 year old inexperienced leader.

organization

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad founded the AMJ women's organization in 1922. He built a tight organization with the divisions women ( Lajna Imaillah ), young men ( Khuddam ul-Ahmadiyya ) and older men ( Ansarullah ), which contributed significantly to the success of his community.

The Promised Son

His father Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had received a prophecy in 1886 about a son who would be a "Promised Reformer" (Musleh Maud). In 1944, Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad claimed to be this foretold son. Usually on February 20th the "Musleh Maud Day" is celebrated.

Rabwah

After the partition of India in 1947, Ahmadi Muslims had to leave Qadian. They left 313 Ahmadis (called Dervishan-e-Qadian) behind to protect the institutions, educational establishments, libraries, printing works, cemetery, etc. Among them were two sons of Bashir ud-Din. He himself emigrated to Pakistan on August 31, 1947. The wasteland "Chack Dhagian" was bought by the Pakistani government, where he laid the foundation stone for the city of Rabwah on September 20, 1948 .

to travel

The caliph on his last trip to Europe

The second caliph traveled for the first time in 1924, via Damascus to Egypt, England, and Italy. The "Wimble Conference" took place in England. His epochal speech Ahmadiyyat or The True Islam will be read out by Muhammad Zafrullah Khan in his presence at a conference of world religions in London . During this trip, the Khalifat ul-Massih also laid the foundation stone for England's first mosque, the Fazl Mosque . Many politicians and representatives from other nations such as Japan, America and Australia were present at the laying of the foundation stone. After about four months, he returned to Qadian .

The caliph rests after the knife attack

On August 10, 1945, Mirza Baschir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad strongly condemned the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima . On March 10, 1954, he was seriously injured by an assassin with a knife in the Mubarak Mosque in Rabwah. Despite immediate treatment, the attempted murder had a lasting impact on his health. He then went on his second and last trip abroad in the first week of April. It led to England, where he was treated. He then visited other countries such as Switzerland, Italy, Holland and Germany. After over six months, he returned to Pakistan.

death

Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad died on the night of November 7th to November 8th and was buried on November 9th, 1965 in the Bahishti-Maqbarah (Heavenly Cemetery) in Rabwah. He became the youngest caliphate on ul-Massih at the age of 25 and had the longest term in office at 52.

Works

• The person of the divine being . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-921458-19-8
• Social aspect of Islam . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-921458-35-8
• The economic structure of the Islamic social order . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-921458-17-4
• Light on world events . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-932244-22-3
• The uprising . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-944277-14-1
• Muhammad (saw) - The Life of the Holy Prophet . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 3-921458-92-7
• Mohammed (saw) - In the Bible . Verlag der Islam, ISBN 3-921458-12-9
• The essence of God . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-921458-19-8
• Ahmadiyyat - The true Islam . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-932244-80-3
• Remembering Allah - Zikr-illahi . Verlag Der Islam, ISBN 978-3-932244-97-1

See also

• Ahmadiyya
• Ahmadiyya teaching

Web links

Commons : Mirza Bashir ud-Din Mahmud Ahmad  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Biography ( Memento from February 9, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (German)
• Biography (English)
• Caliphate of Mirza Bashiruddin Mahmud Ahmad (A Brief History of Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement in Europe . P. 270 f.
2. ^ Yohanan Friedmann: Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background . 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press India, 2003, p. 18
   Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach , Renate Laut: Islam in the Present . CHBeck Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 730 ff.
   The religions of mankind . Volume 25 Islam : III. Islamic culture - contemporary trends - popular piety . Kohlhammer, 1990, p. 419
3. ↑ Werner Ende, Udo Steinbach , Renate Laut: Islam in the Present . CH Beck Verlag, Munich 2005, p. 732
4. ^ Prophecy Continuous: Aspects of Ahmadi Religious Thought and Its Medieval Background . 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New Delhi 2003, p. 32
5. ↑ Simon Ross Valentine: Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice . Columbia University Press, New York 2008, p. 112
6. ↑ Simon Ross Valentine: Islam and the Ahmadiyya Jama'at: History, Belief, Practice . Columbia University Press, New York 2008, p. 85
7. ↑ Welcome to Ahmadiyyat - The True Islam . ISBN 978-1-882494-19-4