Mixed traffic

When mixed traffic , mixed mode or mixed traffic refers to traffic associated with different vehicles on the same, operations, regulations or traction types Thoroughfare be driven. The opposite is the species- specific traffic .

Traffic planning

For expressly planned mixed traffic in traffic planning, see mixing principle . Otherwise, bicycle traffic on the road is also referred to as mixed traffic, for example in the recommendations for bicycle traffic facilities , the set of rules of the Research Society for Roads and Transport that is essential for bicycle traffic planning .

Public transport

Classification

Mixed traffic occurs in public transport in the following cases, among others:

• At Tram-Trains . Vehicles run here on both tram / light rail and railway lines .
• In the operation of railway lines with different passenger transport train types , such as local and long-distance traffic .
• When operating railway lines with passenger and freight traffic .
• When operating trolleybus - lines with trolleybuses and diesel buses, see trolleybus # mixed operation with buses .
• For tram traffic with track that is flush with the street.
• For regular services with different vehicle equipment. For example, when operating with high and low-floor vehicles, with computer and driver-controlled vehicles, vehicles with different train protection systems or multi-system vehicles .

rating

In the case of mixed traffic, the individual types of traffic influence each other. In most cases, not all of the individual optima of the modes of transport can be achieved at the same time. The overall optimum of a mixed traffic route therefore represents a compromise between the types of traffic.

In rail traffic, the different speeds and stopping regimes of the types of train result in a lower train path capacity on the lines. However, this can be improved by separating the traffic over time. This can also offer economic advantages for the railway infrastructure company . Freight traffic is used, for example, to keep routes full at night when passenger traffic is closed. An example is the high-speed route Hanover – Würzburg , which is reserved for freight traffic at night. In the Netz 21 concept, too , Deutsche Bahn tried to expand around a third of its routes into a mixed traffic network.

At the end of the 1980s, 689 kilometers (2.5 percent) of the Federal Railroad network were driven purely by passenger traffic, and 6322 kilometers (23 percent) exclusively by freight traffic. 20,273 kilometers (74.5 percent) were driven in mixed traffic.

In streetcar traffic, there are conflicts between individual traffic and trams. The higher the load on roads with motor vehicles , the higher the cycle time of the railways must be and, conversely, the lower the load on the road with individual traffic , the closer the cycle of the railways can be. An independent track body can remedy this, but it means more space is required .

Examples

• RUBIN - mixed traffic of automatic and driver-controlled subway operations in Nuremberg.
• Karlsruhe model - mixed traffic of tram vehicles on railway lines.

Others

• Locomotives that are designed for mixed traffic are referred to as universal locomotives .
• Trains that transport freight and passenger cars at the same time are called mixed trains .

literature

• Eberhard Jänsch: Mixed traffic on new lines . In: Railway technical review . No. 6/2015 . DVV Media Group , June 2015, ISSN  0013-2845 , p. 28-32 .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Institute for Transport Planning and Systems: "Glossary of Public Transport" , ETH Zurich
2. ↑ VDV: "Use of light rail vehicles in mixed operation according to BOStrab and EBO"
3. ↑ European Commission: "2011/275 / EU: Decision of the Commission of April 26, 2011 on the technical specification for the interoperability of the" Infrastructure "subsystem of the conventional trans-European rail system (announced under file number K (2011) 2741) Text of significance for den EEA ” , May 14, 2011, Official Journal of the European Union No. L 126
4. ↑ DB Netz Schienennutzungsbedingungen 2012  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , P. 21  
5. ↑ ^{a b} Roland Peter: "Capacities and space requirements of public transport systems in Swiss agglomerations" ( Memento of July 14, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 241 kB), June 2005, semester paper at ETH Zurich, pp. 18, 22.
6. ↑ Christoph Gralla: "On the design of an ETCS migration of a railway company" ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3.0 MB), 2009, dissertation at the TU Braunschweig, p. 18.
7. ↑ Johannes Frass: "Capacity analysis of hinterland connections of selected European seaports" , p. 17, 2006
8. ↑ J. Fiedler, W. Scherz: Bahnwesen, planning, construction and operation of railways, S-, U-, Stadt- und Straßenbahnen, p. 3, 6th edition, Werner Verlag, 2012.
9. ^ Deutsche Bahn: Annual Report 2002 (PDF; 5.1 MB), p. 102
10. ↑ Roland Hartkopf: Problems of mixed traffic on new lines . In: The Federal Railroad . tape 65 , no. 11 , 1989, ISSN  0007-5876 , pp. 981-984 .