Fashion dog

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The borzoi was a fashion dog in the 1920s .

As fashion dog are breeds and hybrid dog referred the basis of a fashionable trend temporarily held more frequently than it is in the long-term average for such dogs the case. In contrast, dog breeds such as Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds , which are kept frequently for long periods of time, are generally not referred to as fashion dogs. There is no definition of a breed or hybrid breed as a fashion dog, but the term is often used to describe the phenomenon.

Origin of the term

Luxury dogs were kept at the courts of the nobility as early as the late Middle Ages. However, keeping certain breeds of dogs only became fashionable with the rise of the bourgeoisie, and in the 19th century it was common to refer to certain types or breeds of dogs that were kept frequently as “fashion dogs”. In the older uses of the term there are no references to the cause of the phenomenon, a breed of dog became a “fashion dog” just as certain pieces of clothing or hairdresses became “fashionable”. So published Die Presse in Vienna in 1858, speculation in the feature pages text in the about the conversion of preferred dog name in society. According to the author, dog names based on Greek and Roman antiquity were initially common, followed by Italian, French and English names. The preferred dog breeds also corresponded to this, (…) first the Italian Bolognese, then the French pug pugs, and now the English rule. All fashion dogs are now English, like the Pintsche, the Bulldogs, the King Charles, the Blenheims, the Pied Piper, the Irish greyhounds, the terriers and, for hare hunting, the hunders.

In 1878 a description of different dog types from ancient Egypt appeared in the features section of the Wiener Abendpost . With regard to depictions of a frequently depicted but unusual dog that cannot be compared with any current breed of dog, the author wrote: He was the fashion dog among the Osorkasen and the Amenemhe (...) . In the same technical context, Joachim Boessneck described the differences between the dogs of the Old and New Reich in 1953: The AR fashion dog was a erect-eared, curly-tailed greyhound (...) and the NR fashion dog was a slim but strong hunting dog with small hangings and a tail with medium-length hair .

The 20th century saw a wide variety of dog breeds become fashion dogs temporarily, and in some cases repetitively. The borzoi, for example, was a fashion dog of the 1920s , the Afghan was popular in the 1970s, and the dachshund repeatedly experienced periods of particular popularity.

The news magazine Der Spiegel quoted the daily newspaper Die Welt with its “profile” of the political opponent in a critical account of the reporting by “Springer and Strauss journalists” in 1972 : “Most of them are intellectuals”; special features: "Blue jeans ... large amulets ... long-haired fashion dog ... white Alfa" . Until recently, dogs that are kept particularly frequently, without discussing the reasons for such frequent keeping, are referred to as fashion dogs. The Duden explains the term with dog, whose breed is currently in fashion .

Fashion dogs as a sociological phenomenon

Dalmatian and Doberman Pinscher, both were fashion dogs in the US

Several studies published between 2004 and 2006 examined the American Kennel Club's puppy registrations from 1946 to 2003. During this period more than 48 million dogs of 150 breeds had been registered, the distribution of the total population among the various dog breeds corresponded to a potency function , with the vast majority of dogs in only a few breeds and many breeds with only a comparatively few dogs. As part of one of these studies, characteristic increases in the frequency of registrations were found for the nine dog breeds Afghan Hound, Chow Chow , Dalmatian, Doberman , Great Dane , Irish Red Setter , Old English Sheepdog , Rottweiler and St. Bernard, followed by equally significant reductions up to the previous one Level to be demonstrated. The annual registrations increased by a factor of 15 to 100 over a period of 10 to 18 years, followed by a decline in registrations over 10 to 16 years, sometimes below the initial level. These comparatively dramatic movements are contrasted by a continuous increase in registrations of Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers observed over decades. The poodle, on the other hand, saw a sharp rise in popularity in the 1960s and a steady decline in registrations since 1970.

The study's authors compare the popularity of certain breeds of dogs with other fads in popular music or clothing fashion, or with the popularity of first names. As an attempt to explain the emergence and disappearance of fashion dogs, they offer a number of theories from different areas, such as the information cascade from economics, memes and a few others, but without making a determination.

More recently, the term “fashion dog” has increasingly been used to describe the phenomenon that individual dog breeds become fashion dogs through their representation in the mass media , for example in films and advertising or through the role model function of celebrities who own a dog of a certain breed and make it public.

Examples of the representation of dogs in the mass media that have had an impact on the perception of individual dog breeds are primarily feature films and television series. The German Shepherd Dog Rin Tin Tin was a film star of the 1920s. It was followed by the series of Lassie films from 1943 with the subsequent popularity of the longhaired collies , the 1961 film 101 Dalmatians and a series of Dalmatian films in the 1990s, and the Beethoven films with a Saint Bernard. You may also have West Highland White Terrier and Labrador Retriever that for different dog food brands of the manufacturer Effem ( Cesar , Chappi advertise), through their representation in advertising to fashion dogs.

Breed associations indicated an increase in demand of 10% for German shepherds after the television series Kommissar Rex was broadcast , and 40% for St. Bernard dogs after the Beethoven films. However, the German Shepherd Dog is certified that although it was always popular, it was never a fashion dog. The often alleged causal link between media exposure and the increased popularity of fashion dogs is not confirmed by research. The temporary surge in popularity of Dalmatians after the relevant films was an exception, hundreds of other portrayals in film and television had little or no measurable impact.

The dachshund is one of the dog breeds that are said to have achieved particular popularity through prominent owners. The phenomenon of the fashion dog is attributed to Kaiser Wilhelm II and his dachshund Erdmann (1890-1901), followed by Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, Heidi Klum and other prominent dachshund owners. More recently, Chihuahuas have been referred to as fashion dogs, in connection with Paris Hilton's Chihuahua Tinkerbell and the Portuguese water dog as the Obama's dog .

Well-known owners of hybrid dogs are Uma Thurman and Jake Gyllenhaal with their Puggles, crossbreeds of Pug and Beagle, and Jessica Simpson with a Maltipoo (Maltese and Poodle). The example of such celebrities is cited as one reason for the recent rise in popularity of hybrid dogs. Their actions set trends in society, and their imitation by others is one way of gaining recognition in society as well.

Animal welfare

The term “fashion dog” is often used as a catchphrase by animal welfare organizations . This is to express concern that certain breeds of dogs have become particularly popular as a result of their media presence, and that the breed or individual dogs have already been harmed, or that this is feared for a breed of dog in the future. In fact, a statistical analysis of the data for numerous dog breeds found no evidence that the behavior, health, or longevity of dogs of any breed affects their popularity. Rather, popular dog breeds are certified as having health problems and possible behavioral problems, and common behavioral and genetic health problems of individual dog breeds do not result in decreased popularity. Some fashion dogs such as the pug, French bulldog and English bulldog are considered torture breeds in which incorrect breeding selection has resulted in overemphasis on desirable traits such as short catches and large heads, health disorders such as breathing problems or the inability to give birth naturally.

Since the fashion trend creates an increased demand for the fashion dog, the puppy price increases. In addition to reputable breeders under the supervision of the veterinary authorities, many owners of the fashion dog and also commercial breeders are motivated to breed the breed. Due to the short-term profit orientation of such breeding, the breeding care is often violated, which can lead to the fact that hereditary diseases and behavior problems can spread in the fashionable breed. Individual puppies from unrecognized breeders or from Eastern Europe, which are offered at significantly lower prices than pedigree dogs with certificates of origin, are often poorly socialized, separated from their mother too early, not vaccinated or inadequate medical care.

Animal welfare organizations and breed associations also claim that the acquisition of a fashion dog is often impulsive and that its suitability for the personal life situation of the buyer or the special requirements of dogs of this breed are not adequately examined. The inadequate suppression of basic needs often results in behavioral problems, so that fashion dogs are increasingly perceived as problem dogs. Dog breeds that were originally bred as working dogs and became fashion dogs, with further selection based on external characteristics and with neglect of behavior, often show genetic behavior disorders. Such problems and the lifespan of the domestic dog of more than ten years mean that fashion dogs are often found in animal shelters as a result .

Web links

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Maren Keller: Well done . In: KulturSpiegel (monthly supplement to Der Spiegel ), Issue 7, June 27, 2011, pp. 10–13, online (accessed on March 2, 2014).
  2. ↑ without author: Kleine Wiener Chronik (Feuilleton). In: The press. First edition , September 26, 1858, pp. 1–2, here p. 2.
  3. ^ François Lenormant: The animals used by the ancient Egyptians for hunting and war. I . In: Wiener Abendpost. Supplement to Wiener Zeitung , September 2, 1875, pp. 5–6, here p. 5.
  4. ↑ Joachim Boessneck: The domestic animals in ancient Egypt . In: Publications of the Zoologische Staatssammlung München , Volume 3, 1953, pp. 1-50, here p. 22.
  5. ↑ a b without author: shreds fly . In: Der Spiegel , Issue 25, June 12, 1972, pp. 73-75, online (accessed March 2, 2014).
  6. ↑ Barbara Kollmann: Away from the greyhound . In: Welt am Sonntag , January 19, 2014, p. 34, online (accessed March 2, 2014).
  7. ↑ without author: fashion dog . In: Duden Online, Online (accessed on March 2, 2014).
  8. ^ A b Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , p. 385.
  9. ↑ Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , p. 388.
  10. ↑ Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , p. 389.
  11. ↑ a b c Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , p. 390.
  12. ↑ Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , pp. 391-393.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f Melanie Rübartsch: The dog for the film . In: FOCUS Magazin , Issue 13/1997, pp. 166–169, online at Focus Online (accessed on March 2, 2014).
  14. ↑ famouschihuahua.com: tinkerbell and paris hilton (accessed March 2, 2014)
  15. ↑ a b without author: "First Dog" Bo increases the demand from breeders . In: Rheinische Post Online, April 17, 2009, online ( Memento from September 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on March 2, 2014).
  16. ↑ April M. Plemons: Commodyfing Fido: Pets as Status Symbols , M.Sc. Thesis, Texas A&M University , 2008, p. 49, Online PDF, 340 kBhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Frepository.tamu.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1969.1%2FETD-TAMU-3068%2FPLEMONS-THESIS.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3DOnline% 20PDF% 2C% 20340% 26nbsp% 3BkB ~ PUR% 3D (accessed on March 2, 2014).
  17. ↑ Stefano Ghirlanda et al .: Fashion vs. Function in Cultural Evolution: The Case of Dog Breed Popularity , p. 1.
  18. ↑ Stefano Ghirlanda et al .: Fashion vs. Function in Cultural Evolution: The Case of Dog Breed Popularity , p. 5.
  19. ^ A b Claudia Pfister: The Federal Veterinary Association for World Animal Protection Day: "Knowledge is animal protection" - also in dog ownership , press release no. 32/2012, October 2, 2012, Federal Veterinary Association, Berlin.
  20. ^ A b Harold Herzog: Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity , p. 394.
  21. ^ Elisabeth Licek: Border Collies riding the brain train . In: UNI VET WIEN REPORT. Journal of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna and the Society of Friends of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , issue 3, October 2004, pp. 10–12, here p. 12.
  22. ↑ Silke Meermann: Investigation of abnormal behavior in dogs of the Border Collie and Australian Shepherd breeds in Germany , p. 2.
  23. ↑ Silke Meermann: Investigation of abnormal behavior in dogs of the Border Collie and Australian Shepherd breeds in Germany , pp. 213–214.
  24. ↑ Dorit U. Feddersen-Petersen: Behavioral disorders in dogs and their causes in breeding, keeping and dressage . In: Der Praktische Tierarzt , Volume 71, pp. 18–28, quoted from: Angela Mittmann: Investigation of the behavior of 5 dog breeds and one type of dog in the character test according to the guidelines of the Lower Saxony Hazardous Animal Ordinance of July 5th, 2000 , dissertation, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 2002, p. 35, digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Felib.tiho-hannover.de%2Fdissertations%2Fmittmanna_2002.html~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~doppelseiten% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D (accessed on March 2, 2014).