Hybrid dog

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Goldendoodle : Golden Retriever X Poodle

A hybrid dog is a dog whose parents belong to two different breeds , whose mating is normally planned (in contrast to mixed breeds ). The mating pursues the goal of accumulating the positive characteristics of both breeds. For this reason, the results are also called designer dogs. The results are no longer used for breeding, but dogs of both breeds are mated again and again.

history

The idea of ​​breeding dogs this way is not a new phenomenon. Older hybrid dogs are the Lurcher ( greyhound × non-greyhound), the longdog (greyhound × greyhound) or the Catahoula Bulldog ( American Bulldog × Louisiana Catahoula Leopard Dog ), which have been bred in this way for 100 years and more.

situation

Cockapoo

In some countries, especially the US, the breed of hybrid dogs is well represented. Due to the wishes of the customers, there are many dog ​​hybrids with unusual names; some examples of hybrids with the poodle as a parent: Labradoodle from Labrador Retriever and Poodle; Schnoodle made from Schnauzer and Poodle; Goldendoodle from Golden Retriever and Poodle; Pekeapoo of Pekingese and poodle; Cockapoo from American Cocker Spaniel and Poodle. Goldendoodle, Labradoodle and Cockapoo are keywords in the Oxford English Dictionary .

Hybrid dogs are often described by their breeders as "hypoallergenic" ( producing few allergens ) and "suitable for allergy sufferers" because they have little or no hair. According to more recent findings, however, we cannot generally speak of hypoallergenic dogs because other substances in the dog such as saliva can also be allergenic and individual allergy sufferers react differently to different breeds. Children were found to have a lower risk of asthma when they grew up with dogs. Here too, however, there was no connection with so-called hypoallergenic dogs .

genetics

From a genetic point of view, the mating of two dogs belonging to different breeds corresponds to a crossing of largely pure-bred inbred lines . According to Mendel's first rule , the rule of uniformity, a largely homogeneous phenotype can therefore be expected in the first generation (F1 generation) .

The particular advantage of a hybrid is the heterosis effect , i.e. a disproportionate increase in fitness (disease resistance, fertility) in the offspring, which is achieved through genetic mixing. This effect itself is not hereditary, but comes about through hybridization. The further breeding of the offspring of a hybrid is sometimes also referred to as a hybrid . However, if hybrid dogs continue to be bred, the litters are no longer homogeneous, but show a very wide variation in phenotype. This can be explained with Mendel's rule of splitting and the rule of the independent recombination of genetic makeup. The phenotypic diversity arising from the F2 generation can only be stabilized again through longer selection , inbreeding and line breeding .

The hybridization of two dog breeds with subsequent stabilization of the phenotype by selection was used, for example, to establish the Kromfohrländer breed , where after a chance crossing with positive results in 1946 these animals were specifically bred until the phenotype stabilized and the breed was recognized in 1955. In 1960 a fox terrier was crossed into this breed again and the resulting hybrid dogs were used for the further development of the breed. Since then, pure breeding has been used.

See also

Web links

Commons : Hybrid Dogs  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Goldendoodle . In: oxforddictionaries.com
  2. ↑ Labradoodle . In: oxforddictionaries.com
  3. ↑ Cockapoo . In: oxforddictionaries.com
  4. ↑ A. Heutelbeck: Current information on the diagnosis and therapy of dog allergies ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.herbsttagung-vab.de archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 64 kB) Proceedings, 18th Autumn Conference of Allergologists in Brandenburg, 2010
  5. ^ A. Butt, D. Rashid, RF Lockey: Do hypoallergenic cats and dogs exist? In: Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology . Volume 108, Number 2, February 2012, pp. 74-76, ISSN  1534-4436 . doi: 10.1016 / j.anai.2011.12.005 . PMID 22289723 .
  6. ↑ DW Vredegoor, T. Willemse, MD Chapman, DJ Heederik, EJ Krop: Can f 1 levels in hair and homes of different dog breeds: lack of evidence to describe any dog ​​breed as hypoallergenic. In: The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Volume 130, Number 4, October 2012, pp. 904-9.e7, doi: 10.1016 / j.jaci.2012.05.013 , PMID 22728082 .
  7. ↑ Tove Fall, Sara Ekberg, Cecilia Lundholm, Fang Fang, Catarina Almqvist: Dog characteristics and future risk of asthma in children growing up with dogs. In: Scientific Reports. 8, 2018, p. 16899, doi : 10.1038 / s41598-018-35245-2 .
  8. ↑ Hellmuth Wachtel : Hundezucht 2000: Population genetics for dog breeders and other cynologists. Kynos Verlag 2007, pp. 28, 31, 159, 160, 211, 242; ISBN 978-3-938071-32-8
  9. ↑ Gabriele Metz: VDH member associations in portrait: Rassezuchtverein der Kromfohrländer eV Like a phoenix from the ashes . In: Our pedigree dog . No. 12 , 2010, p. 8 ( kromfohrlaender.eu [PDF]).
  10. ^ R. Wellmann and I. Pfeiffer: Pedigree Analysis for Conservation of Genetic Diversity and Purging . In: Gen Res 2009, 91: 209-129. doi: 10.1017 / S0016672309000202
  11. ↑ Anja Engelhardt: Population and molecular genetic analysis of primary cataracts in English Cocker Spaniels and wire-haired Kromfohrlanders , DVG service, Giessen 2007, ISBN 978-3-939902-37-9 (dissertation Hannover 2007 School of Veterinary Medicine, 143 pages, full text online PDF, free of charge, 190 pages, 4.11 MB), p. 96
  12. ↑ Articles of Association of the Breeding Association of March 11th, 2017, §2, Paragraph 2 (PDF file)