Monarda (genus of plants)

Monarda
	Inflorescence of a golden balm ( Monarda didyma L.)
Systematics
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Nepetoideae
Tribe :	Mentheae
Genre :	Monarda
Scientific name
	Monarda
	L.

Monarda is a genus in the subfamily of Nepetoideae within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae). The home is North America . The Spanish doctor Nicolas Monardes (1493–1578) described the healing properties of some "New World plants" in 1569, including this genus.

Illustration of horse mint ( Monarda punctata )

description

Monarda species grow as annual to perennial herbaceous plants . They often contain essential oils and have an aromatic smell. The mostly opposite leaves are stalked. The simple leaf blade is serrated. Stipules are missing.

The flowers stand together in a whirling glow . In the area of the flowers, the leaves are smaller, but strikingly colored. The bracts are small. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and usually five-fold. The five sepals are fused tubular, with five unequal calyx teeth. The five red, purple, white, gray or yellow, dotted petals are fused. This "lip flower" consists of an "upper lip" and a "lower lip". The narrow upper lip consists of two and the lower lip of three petals, which are recognizable as corolla lobes. There are only two fertile stamens that have grown together with the base of the corolla tube; the others are reduced or two are still rudimentary. Two carpels are a top permanent ovary fused; it is divided into four chambers by false partitions. The stylus ends in two scars.

Smooth Klaus fruits are formed.

Monarda bradburiana

Monarda clinopodia

Horse mint ( Monarda punctata )

species

The genus Monarda contains about 19 species:

Monarda bartlettii Standl. : It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
Monarda bradburiana L.C.Beck : It occurs in the central and eastern United States.
Lemon mint , prairie bergamot or Indian mint ( Monarda citriodora . Cerv ex Lag. , Incl. Monarda citriodora var. Austromontana (Epling) BLTurner ; Syn .: Monarda austromontana Epling ): It comes in three varieties in the central and southern United States and Mexico in front.
Monarda clinopodia L .: It occurs in the central and eastern USA.
Monarda clinopodioides A.Gray : It occurs in Kansas , Oklahoma and Texas .
Golden balm or Indian nettle , scarlet monard ( Monarda didyma L. ): It occurs in eastern Canada and in the eastern United States.

Monarda eplingiana Standl. : It occurs in the Mexican state of Coahuila.

Wild bergamot ( Monarda fistulosa L. ): It occurs in seven varieties from Canada to northeastern Mexico.

Monarda fruticulosa Epling : It occurs in southern Texas .

Monarda humilis (Torr.) Prather & JAKeith : It occurs in New Mexico .

Monarda Lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray : Found in eastern Texas and Louisiana .

Monarda luteola Singhurst & WCHolmes : The species first described in 2011 occurs in Texas.

Monarda maritima (Cory) Correll : It occurs in southern Texas.

Monarda media Willd. : It occurs in eastern Canada and in the eastern United States.

Monarda × medioides W.H.Duncan : Is the hybrid between Monarda fistulosa and Monarda media .

Monarda pectinata Nutt. : It occurs in the central and southwestern United States.

Monarda pringlei Fernald : It occurs in the Mexican state of Nuevo León.

Horse mint ( Monarda punctata L. ): It occurs in eight varieties in the United States and northeastern Mexico.

Monarda russeliana Nutt. : It occurs in the central and eastern United States.

Monarda stanfieldii Small : It occurs in eastern and central Texas.

Monarda viridissima Correll : It occurs in southeast and central Texas.

use

The varieties from the cross of Monarda didyma and Monarda fistulosa are used as ornamental plants for parks and gardens .

Plant parts of some species are used as medicinal plants and for brewing tea.

literature

Xi-wen Li & Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 17, p. 223: Monarda - Online.

Individual evidence

^ Monarda in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monarda - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on February 22, 2016.
↑ Entry in Plants for a Future (English)

Web links

Commons : Monarda - collection of images, videos and audio files

[1] Monarda in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.

[WCSP-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Monarda - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on February 22, 2016.

[3] Entry in Plants for a Future (English)