Moragården

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Moragården, on the far left the old part, in front with the chimney the cowshed

Moragården ( German Mora-Hof ) is an ensemble of buildings in the Skansen open-air museum in Stockholm , Sweden . The wooden houses come from Mora and two neighboring communities in the north of the historic central Swedish province of Dalarna . They were first built between 1320 and 1850. The main house Morastugan was the first building to come to Skansen. The Dubbelbod warehouse from the 1320s is Skansen's oldest house.

history

The Dubbelbod warehouse from the 1320s

Although the houses and stables are younger, the courtyard gives a good picture of what they looked like in Dalarna during the Wasa period (16th / 17th centuries). Through the division of inheritance and land reform, the parcels of the farms in Dalarna became smaller. Since the 17th century at the latest, many “Dalkarlar”, men and women, have been hiring out seasonal workers in other provinces. Many farmers, whose farms were no longer sufficient for full-time employment, had to support their families by working from home and doing small businesses. Different regions of Dalarna specialized in different types of handicrafts . These were chipboard and wicker baskets, hair work, storage jars, furs, ironwork, movements or even the carved dalecarlian horse (Dalahästar) from Nusnäs . As a result of these sideline activities, the inhabitants of the villages became dependent on one another and the cohesion grew. The handicrafts were sold by the men on " hikes " (vandringar) who became a part of life in Dalarna. The hikes first went to Nedre Dalarna (also Dalabergslagen, German Nieder-Dalarna ) and then on to the rest of Sweden and, in some cases, far to Europe .

Mora clock

After Christopher Polhem founded Stiernsunds manufacturwärk in Stjärnsund in May 1700 , in the 18th century the village of Östnor (today Mora municipality ) and later the wider area specialized in the manufacture of clocks. Rumbo Matts built the first publishing system there for the production of the Moraklocka (Mora clock) . The publisher supplied castings for the gears or hands. The homeworkers or groups of them made the frame and assembled the clockworks. The wooden paneling with its painting was made in Nusnäs like the Dala horses. In good years, up to 1000 clock movements were produced in and around Östnor. When sales stagnated in the second half of the 19th century, Rumbo Matts began manufacturing sewing machines .

The Morastugan was acquired by Artur Hazelius in 1885 and rebuilt in Skansen until the opening year 1891. During the construction of the entire system, the Morastugan was moved fifty meters. The Färnäs granary came from Finnperosgården to Skansen in 1897 and was not rebuilt until 1929. Sigurd Erixon completed the other structures on the complex in the 1920s. The last buildings, like the Back-Mats stuga , were put up again in 1930.

description

Aerial view of the four-sided courtyards
Main house Morastugan with stable

The Moragården ensemble is laid out as a four-sided courtyard and consists of two houses, two stables, a barn and other outbuildings.

The courtyard clockwise from north to west

North side

  • The Morastugan or Bostadshus house comes from the village of Östnor (Mora municipality) and was built in the middle of the 18th century. On Bullasgården the Krång family used it as a retirement home until 1891 . It consists of a larger room, a small room and the porch . In the large room, people cooked and ate, did various chores and the whole household slept there during the winter. In the summer months, the storage buildings also offered sleeping facilities. The former residents practiced the watchmaking trade on the workbench by the window.
    Above the front door there is a abgestütztes canopy, which in this Forme Kraeva (dt. Goiter ) was called. The building has a chimney with an iron wind vane in the shape of a tap. It is bricked up in a crown-like shape, as was customary in the area around the Siljan . The wooden house is insulated with     birch bark and paper against the base made of unmorted natural stone . The house is 8.3 meters long and 6.0 meters wide. The long sides each have ten layers of logs, the gable 17.
  • Stable from Bergkarlås (Mora municipality) with a coach house , mid-17th century.

East Side

Dubbelbod (around 1320) and Loftbod (1574)
  • The two-part warehouse (Dubbelbod) for the supplies comes from the Erkasjärs ​​farm in Idbäcks ( Malung municipality ). The old-style log house is the oldest building in Skansen and was called “Heidenhaus” in Idbäcks. The trunks were felled after dendrochronological examination in the winter of 1323/24. The building has a canopy; its two rooms are not connected.
  • The two-storey warehouse (Loftbod) with outside stairs and passage comes from Kolgården in Bergkarlås. An inscription reads "WMHM 1574" and presumably indicates the year of origin.
  • Two-storey granary (Härbre) by Färnäs with a canopy, which is attached just below the actual roof, dated 1595.
  • Two- story granary (Härbre) from the Boggården cattle farm in Säs near Mora, dated 1589 and 1591.

South side

Well and old part
  • Threshing floor ( Trösklada or Vikaladan ) from Norra Vika (Mora municipality), lintel dated 1585.
  • Forage storage ( Foderboden or Sädeslada ) by Noret (Mora municipality).
  • The cowshed (Fähus) is a copy of a barn from Noret, who was transported to Skansen, was not rebuilt because of his condition. It has a brick chimney and a canopy under which firewood can be stored. The roofing with machine-sawn boards probably dates from the 1930s.
  • Dung heap (Dyngstaden) by Noret; it can be increased by boards that are inserted into slotted beams.

West side

  • Stack (Källarbod) with a shed.
  • Draw well with a swinging boom. The well shaft is round and consists of dry masonry . A square wooden box with a dovetail connection is attached . Sigurd Erixon also describes fountains clad with wooden shingles in Östnor in 1930.
  • The elderly part, the so-called Back-Mats stuga, comes from the Back-Mats farm in the village of Knås near Venjan . The house, dated 1755, is laid out like the main house. The building has a brick chimney. There is a small canopy over the entrance. Here the manufacture of cookware was practiced as a craft.

The courtyard is considered a museum building (Museal byggnad) and has the "Primus ObjektId" 67273 and the "Skansen Primus identification number" SKABYG.00305.

Construction

Roof construction with birch bark and "crow's feet" by Färnäs-Härbre and Dubbelbod (top left)

The wooden houses of Moragården are made of pine in log construction. Differences in the corner combing show the development and the high level of north Swedish carpentry from the 14th to the 18th century. None of the buildings are painted. The single-storey houses are called "Enkelstugan" (also "Morastugan") and are a further development of the one-room house. They have an asymmetrical three-part floor plan with the entrance on one long side. Behind this are the vestibule and a small room that can be reached from the large main room.

All buildings in the courtyard have gable roofs and are covered and sealed with birch bark. The snow loads are absorbed by tree trunks, planks, round timber (Loftbod) or rectangular strips (Färnäs-Härbre) . The cover protrudes on one side of the roof ridge . The main house (Morastugan) is covered with boards and overlapping with trunk sections. The adjacent barn only shows trunk sections that do not completely cover the birch bark (see photo above). The rafters are mostly pointed and usually have knots that support crossbeams as hooks. These branches are also protected against the weather with birch bark (see photo on the right). In Sweden they are also known as kråkfötter (crow's feet). Today's main house is also sealed with tar paper .

literature

  • Nordiska museet (ed.): Moragården. In: Skansens hus och gårdar. Revised edition. Nordiska museet, Stockholm 1980, ISBN 91-7108-186-0 .
  • Erik Andrén, Andreas Lindblom: Moragården. In: Skansen. Kulturhistoriska avdelningen. Kort vägledning. Stockholm 1954, OCLC 938029619 .

Web links

Commons : Moragården  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b c Moragården. In: skansen.se , accessed September 4, 2019 (Swedish).
  2. ↑ a b c d Morastugan. In: digitaltmuseum.se , accessed on September 4, 2019 (Swedish).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Moragården. In: digitaltmuseum.se , accessed on September 4, 2019 (Swedish).
  4. ↑ a b c Back-Mats stuga. In: digitaltmuseum.se , accessed on September 4, 2019 (Swedish).
  5. ^ Marianne Strandin in digitaltmuseum.se , February 22, 2019.
  6. ↑ Sigurd Erixon: Om brunnar. In: Fataburen . Nordiska museet, Stockholm 1930, pp. 172-218. ISSN  0348-971X .
  7. ↑ Enkelstuga. In: Nationalencyklopedi.se , accessed September 4, 2019 (Swedish)

Coordinates: 59 ° 19 ′ 38.7 ″  N , 18 ° 6 ′ 17.9 ″  E