Moritz Hermann von Jacobi

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Moritz Hermann Jacobi

Moritz von Jacobi (September 9th . Jul / 21st September  1801 greg. In Potsdam , † February 27 jul. / 11. March  1874 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a German and Russian physicist and engineer . He developed the first practical electric motor and the first electrically powered boat (Das Jacobi-Boot ).

Life

Jacobi direct current motor

Moritz Hermann von Jacobi was a brother of the mathematician Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi . Jacobi was first a master builder in Königsberg before he went to Dorpat as a professor of civil architecture in 1835 . In 1837 he was called to Saint Petersburg and was appointed adjunct there in 1839 .

In 1842 Jacobi was elected an extraordinary and in 1847 a full member of the Academy of Sciences there. Shortly afterwards he also became the Russian State Councilor . Since 1853 he was also a member of the Roman Accademia dei Lincei , since 1859 a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and since 1864 a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences .

Jacobi established his reputation in particular with his invention of electroplating (1837) and the use of electromagnetism to move machines and vehicles. He designed his first technically developable direct current motor in 1834. On September 13, 1838, an electric boat drove on the Neva in Saint Petersburg , powered by a Jacobi motor with an output of 220  W and at around 2.5 km / h covered a distance of 7.5 km. In 1839 he was able to increase the mechanical power of his engine to 1 kW and then reached speeds of up to 4 km / h with the boat.

Since 1850 he also made large-scale experiments with arc lamps , and the Jacobian oxyhydrogen unit , a unit of measurement of electricity used around 1900, is named after him.

family

He married Anna Grigoryevna Kochanowskaja († 1897) in Dorpat in 1836 . The couple had eight children including:

  • Nikolaj Borisowitsch (1839–1902), Russian Real State Councilor and judge
  • Yegor Borisowitsch († after 1903), Russian Real State Councilor, member of the Farmers Authority of the Livonia Governorate
  • Vladimir, Colonel, Head of the Photographic Department of the Galvanic Technical Institute

See also

Fonts

  • Electroplating, or the process of producing coherent copper in plates or according to other given shapes, directly from dissolving copper by galvanic means. Eggers, Saint Petersburg 1840, ( digitized version ).
  • Mémoire sur l'application de l'Électro-Magnétisme au Mouvement des Machines. Riegel, Potsdam 1835, ( digitized version ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Moritz Hermann von Jacobi  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 123.
  2. ↑ Jacobi's first electric motor ( Memento of the original from May 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.leifiphysik.de
personal data
SURNAME Jacobi, Moritz Hermann von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German and Russian physicist and engineer
DATE OF BIRTH September 21, 1801
PLACE OF BIRTH Potsdam
DATE OF DEATH March 11, 1874
Place of death St. Petersburg