Moritz Koeppe

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Johann Moritz Koeppe (born May 26, 1832 in Zörbig ; † January 30, 1879 in Altscherbitz ) was a German psychiatrist .

Life

Moritz Koeppe was born on May 26, 1832 as the son of Zörbig mayor Johann Peter Gottfried Koeppe and his wife Elisabeth Christiane Sonntag from Lobejün . From 1844 to 1851 he was trained at the Latin Secondary School of the Halle Francke Foundations . At Easter 1852 he finally moved to the University of Leipzig to study medicine , after two years he moved to the University of Halle . He received his doctorate in medicine in Halle in the summer of 1856 , and passed his state medical examination in the following winter semester .

After that, Koeppe worked as an assistant doctor at the university clinic. On October 1, 1858, however, he switched to the Nietleben provincial insane asylum as an assistant , where he was promoted to second doctor in the middle of the following year. In 1866 Koeppe was a medical officer in the campaign against Austria, for which he interrupted his work in the insane asylum. In that year, Heinrich Philipp August Damerow , the head of the insane asylum, died, and in the following year Koeppe took over his post on June 18, 1867. As head of the insane asylum, he abolished the coercion system and made sure that the sick were fed more freely.

But Koeppe also wanted to work for science, so he qualified as a professor at the University of Halle in 1869 for psychiatry and from then on taught as a lecturer. Then he set up a psychiatric clinic at the insane asylum, with which he loudly "introduced insane medicine into the field of academic teaching". As an associate professor in Halle, he taught from 1874.

The asylum was overcrowded and the building was no longer acceptable, which Koeppe asked to improve. In the end he sought a new insane asylum, his plans were finally accepted and the Altscherbitz manor, worth around one million marks at the time , was handed over to him. He wanted to convert this into an institution for 400 to 500 people. Only a few inmates were supposed to live in the insane asylum proper; More cheap houses were to be built on the estate for the others to move into. Thus, he mixed the concepts of the closed asylum and the colony, which were both common at the time, but contradicting one another, to the “colonial insane asylum”. He had planned this provincial insane asylum in 1875 on a trip through Belgium , France and England .

The advantages of this type of insane asylum were that the mentally ill had so many employment opportunities that the stay resembled a spa stay. It was also more financially profitable. In addition, the sick should feel more free, since the institution looked more like a village than a narrow, closed institution. The public was also less stressed by this type of insane asylum.

Work on the manor began at the beginning of 1876, and in June 40 mentally ill people were provisionally relocated from the old Nietleben institution. Before the project could be fully implemented and he could give up the post of head of the Nietleben insane asylum and his professorship, Koeppe died on January 30, 1879 of morphine poisoning.

Through his work, Koeppe revolutionized the concept of the insane asylum. In 1893 it was still considered the most modern means for insane asylums. But Koeppe also made new discoveries in the field of psychiatry. He found that reflex epilepsy , hearing impairment , psychosis, and head injuries can be peripheral causes of reflected psychosis.

Works

  • De cholerae epidemicae propagationis natura ac ratione (dissertation, 1856)
  • De haematomate cartilaginum nasi (rhinaematomate) ex permutationibus laesionibusque telae cartilagineae vel ex perichondritide nasali orto (habilitation thesis, 1869)

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Quotation from the University Chronicle of Halle according to the Catalogus Professorum Halensis
  2. ^ Term from Catalogus Professorum Halensis
  3. ↑ The NDB speaks of the poisoning, while the university chronicle is quoted in the Catalogus Professorum Halensis, which states that Koeppe died suddenly and without an illness.
personal data
SURNAME Koeppe, Moritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Koeppe, Johann Moritz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH May 26, 1832
PLACE OF BIRTH Zörbig
DATE OF DEATH January 30, 1879
Place of death Altscherbitz