Vineyard grape hyacinth

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Vineyard grape hyacinth
Muscari neglectum (flowers) .jpg

Vineyard grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum )

Systematics
Monocots
Order : Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family : Asparagaceae (Asparagaceae)
Subfamily : Scilloideae
Genre : Grape hyacinths ( Muscari )
Type : Vineyard grape hyacinth
Scientific name
Muscari neglectum
Molding. ex Ten.

The vineyard grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum ), also called overlooked grape hyacinth or misunderstood grape hyacinth , is a species of grape hyacinth ( Muscari ) in the asparagus family (Asparagaceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

The vineyard grape hyacinth is a perennial herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of 10 to 20 (4 to 30) centimeters. The onion is about 1 centimeter thick, has a brown skin, and makes numerous off-onions. The stem is round and bare. The rarely two, usually three to seven leaves form a basal rosette. The simple leaf blade is linear with a length of 15 to 40 centimeters and a width of 0.2 to 0.8 centimeters, spread out to prostrate, runny, pure green, dying at and upper end.

Vineyard grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum )
Vineyard grape hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum ), infructescence
Fertile flower (cut open below)
Sterile flower (cut open below)

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from March to May. The dense, 2 to 6 centimeters long, racemose inflorescence contains black-blue fertile flowers and smaller, paler sterile flowers above. The fertile flowers are egg-shaped, narrowed at the front, measure 3.5 to 7.5 × 1.5 to 3.5 millimeters and are fragrant. They have a border of six small, white teeth and are connected to the stem by protruding to hanging stems.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18, 36, 45, 54 or 72.

ecology

The vineyard grape hyacinth is an autumn-spring green bulbous plant. The pollination is done by insects . The seeds spread through autochory (self- propagation ), endochory (digestive propagation ), and anemochory (wind propagation).

Parasites

In Croatia, the two parasitic fungus species Antherospora vaillantii and Urocystis muscaridis were found on Muscari neglectum .

Occurrence

The vineyard grape hyacinth is native to the Mediterranean area to Afghanistan and Pakistan . It was naturalized in southern central and western Europe and the USA. In Germany it is considered an archaeophyte . It grows in Central Europe in forests, pastures, vineyards and on rocks. It is regionally a character species of the Geranio-Allietum vinealis from the Fumario-Euphorbion association, but also occurs in other societies of this association or in those of the Convolvulo-Agropyrion or Mesobromion.

Taxonomy

The first description of Muscari neglectum took place in 1841 in Ann. Civili Regno Due Sicilie , Volume 26, p. 49. Synonyms for Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. are: Botryanthus neglectus (Guss. ex Ten.) Kunth , Hyacinthus neglectus (Guss. ex Ten.) EHLKrause , Muscari racemosum var. neglectum (Guss. ex Ten.) St.-Lag. , Hyacinthus racemosus L. , Muscari atlanticum Boiss. & Reut. Handle , Muscari bootanensis . , Muscari breviscapum (death.) NEBr. , Muscari bucharicum rule , Muscari compactum Baker , Muscari dolioliforme Sobko , Muscari elwesii Baker , Muscari flaccidum O.Schwarz , Muscari fontqueri Sennen , Muscari granatense Freyn , Muscari grandifolium Baker , Muscari grossheimii Schchian , Muscari letourneuxii Boiss. , Muscari leucostomum Woronow , Muscari macranthum Freyn , Muscari mordoanum Heldr. , Muscari neumayeri (heroine) Boiss. , Muscari nivale Stapf , Muscari odoratum Montandon , Muscari populeum Braun-Blanq. & Maire , Muscari racemosum (L.) Medic. nom. illeg., Muscari skorpili Velen. , Muscari speciosum Marches. , Muscari strangwaysii Ten. , Muscari szovitsianum Rupr. ex Boiss. nom. illeg., Muscari vandasii Velen. , Muscari neglectum subsp. atlanticum (Boiss. & Reut.) O Bolòs & Vigo , Muscari neglectum subsp. odorum O.Bolòs & Vigo , Muscari neglectum subsp. speciosum (Marches.) Garbari , Muscari botryoides var. bucharicum Regel , Muscari grandifolium var. populeum (Braun-Blanq. & Maire) Maire , Muscari grandifolium var. rifanum Maire , Muscari neglectum var. atlanticum (Boiss. & Reut.) Maire , Muscari neglectum var. Fontqueri (Sennen) O.Bolòs & Vigo , Muscari neglectum var. Valentinum (Pau) O.Bolòs & Vigo , Muscari racemosum var. Alpinum Fiori .

use

The vineyard grape hyacinth is widely used as an ornamental plant in borders and borders. It has been in culture since 1568 at the latest, but probably much longer.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  135 .
  2. ↑ Dario Ivic, Zdravka Sever, Christian Scheuer, Matthias Lutz: A preliminary checklist of smut fungi of Croatia . In: Mycotaxon . ( online ; PDF; 232 kB)
  3. ↑ Muscari neglectum cast. ex Ten., Weinbergs-Träubel. In: FloraWeb.de.
  4. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts: data sheet at WCSP = World Checklist of Selected Plant Families .

literature

  • Ehrentraud Bayer, Karl-Peter Buttler , Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Plants of the Mediterranean (The Colored Nature Guide). Mosaik Verlag GmbH, Munich 1986.
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .

Web links

Commons : Vineyard Grape Hyacinth ( Muscari neglectum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files