Neidhart (Dresden)

Situation seen from the Frauenkirche : The Maternihospital was at the foot of the church in the lower center of the picture, the port of Nisan under the glass dome of the art academy - it was moved from the fortress in 1590, below the Carolabrücke at the top right of the picture. The Hafenburg Neidhart was in the space between the Frauenkirche and the harbor.

The Neidhart (also Neithart ) was a fortified tower at the former Elbe port of nisana (the later settlement at the Frauenkirche ).

The former port of Dresden, so-called gondola port , relocated and reduced in size by the Dresden fortifications (state between 1840 and 1847).

According to tradition, the Neidhart is said to have been laid out during Charlemagne's first campaign in Bohemia in 805, when one of the three Frankish army columns, consisting of Franks and Saxons as well as Northern Western Slavs , invaded Bohemia from the north .

In 990 the fortified port of Nisana (from Nisan ) was first mentioned as a Bohemian Elbe customs post . This is typically protected by a high moth , which could be traced back to the Carolingian fortifications through conversion .

In 1004 Heinrich II. Pulled together a fleet on the Elbe near Nisani (and near Boritz ) as a diversionary maneuver during a campaign against the Polish king Bolesław I Chrobry (the brave), who had also seized Bohemia in 1003. According to an outdated view of some historians, the Neidhart was only built or rebuilt on the occasion of this action, since nisani was interpreted as Gau Nisan . In the more recent research this Elbe port is identified with Neußen (with Belgern ). Henry II's army then invaded Bohemia via the passes instead of the Elbe into Poland, which would have been easier to prevent.

In September 1017, the Bresnice Castle ( Briesnitz ) was razed to the ground by the troops of Henry II (the Saint) during a Polish campaign, all prisoners were killed, children and young people enslaved. The Nisan Academy was then moved from Bresnice to the port of Nisan under the protection of the port castle.

According to Reinhard Spehr , the strong fortified tower developed into the patient castle , which later became the Maternihospital , also known as the “ Spital in front of our city of Dresden with our dear women churches ”. The marshy harbor was later called Neitharttümpel , its remains were found when the art academy was built in 1886–1893.

Neidhart and Maternihospital remained like (almost) the entire pre-urban settlement at the Frauenkirche with the Elbe Sorbian village at the Frauenkirche after Dresden was founded (probably in the 1170s) before the city was fortified. Reinhard Spehr sees the Neidhart as a stone tower that was only built after a royal court day held in Oberhermsdorf (today in Wilsdruff near Dresden) in 1173 . This assumption results from his thesis of a royal foundation of the city .

Well of the Maternihospital in front of the Frauenkirche

Structural remains of Neidhart are no longer there. It has therefore not yet been localized. There are no structural remains of the old Maternihospital either, only a few underground archaeological traces. Only a metal cover of the former well of the Maternihospital can still be seen on the surface not far from the Frauenkirche . This cover shows an old city map of Dresden from the time before the construction of the Bährschen Frauenkirche from 1726. The old Maternihospital, which borders on the Frauenkirchhof, is clearly visible at the intersection of two lines . The small gondola port of Dresden next to the Brühl Terrace is also recognizable . This was created in 1590 when the port was moved outside the fortress. The new Maternihospital was inaugurated on July 1, 1838 on what was then Freiberger Schlag (corner of Ammonstrasse and Freiberger Strasse).

Remarks

↑ RI II, 4 n. 1580a to (mid-August - early September) 1004, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1004-08-00_1_0_2_4_1_222_1580a (accessed on 1. November 2019): Campaign against Duke Boleslaw of Poland and Bohemia. The army rallied near Merseburg in mid-August (with the exception of the Bavarians who joined later) and started moving towards Poland. To deceive the enemy, King Heinrich lets ships pull together on the Elbe near Boritz (above Riesa) and near Neußen (near Belgern), but before reaching the river turns surprisingly south to invade Bohemia via the Ore Mountains. (from Volume II, 4 Heinrich II. 1002-1024 of the Regesta Imperii , edited by Theodor Graff, Verlag H. Böhlaus Nachf., Vienna, Cologne, Graz 1971, p. 908)
↑ André Thieme : Nisan or Neußen: Comments on Thietmar VI, 10 on King Heinrich II's campaign to Bohemia in 1004. In: New archive for Saxon history. - Neustadt ad Aisch: Schmidt. - Vol. 76 (2005), pp. 211-219.
↑ On the edge of the harbor stood the medieval fortification "Neithart" (later called the patient castle), after which the later marshy harbor was named "Neitharttümpel". When the art academy was built from 1886 to 1893, the layers of mud from the former harbor were found at great depth. In: Reinhard Spehr, Herbert Boswank: Dresden: City foundation in the dark of history , Verlag DJM, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-9803091-1-8 , p. 12.
↑ The impetus and material basis was the discovery of Freiburg silver ores in 1168/69 and the well-founded prospect of the creation of vast imperial territories in the east, the royal center of which was to be the new city of Dresden with its stone bridge documenting imperial claims. In: Reinhard Spehr, Herbert Boswank: Dresden: Founding a city in the dark of history , Verlag DJM, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-9803091-1-8 , p. 290.

[1] RI II, 4 n. 1580a to (mid-August - early September) 1004, in: Regesta Imperii Online, URI: http://www.regesta-imperii.de/id/1004-08-00_1_0_2_4_1_222_1580a (accessed on 1. November 2019): Campaign against Duke Boleslaw of Poland and Bohemia. The army rallied near Merseburg in mid-August (with the exception of the Bavarians who joined later) and started moving towards Poland. To deceive the enemy, King Heinrich lets ships pull together on the Elbe near Boritz (above Riesa) and near Neußen (near Belgern), but before reaching the river turns surprisingly south to invade Bohemia via the Ore Mountains. (from Volume II, 4 Heinrich II. 1002-1024 of the Regesta Imperii , edited by Theodor Graff, Verlag H. Böhlaus Nachf., Vienna, Cologne, Graz 1971, p. 908)

[2] André Thieme : Nisan or Neußen: Comments on Thietmar VI, 10 on King Heinrich II's campaign to Bohemia in 1004. In: New archive for Saxon history. - Neustadt ad Aisch: Schmidt. - Vol. 76 (2005), pp. 211-219.

[3] On the edge of the harbor stood the medieval fortification "Neithart" (later called the patient castle), after which the later marshy harbor was named "Neitharttümpel". When the art academy was built from 1886 to 1893, the layers of mud from the former harbor were found at great depth. In: Reinhard Spehr, Herbert Boswank: Dresden: City foundation in the dark of history , Verlag DJM, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-9803091-1-8 , p. 12.

[4] The impetus and material basis was the discovery of Freiburg silver ores in 1168/69 and the well-founded prospect of the creation of vast imperial territories in the east, the royal center of which was to be the new city of Dresden with its stone bridge documenting imperial claims. In: Reinhard Spehr, Herbert Boswank: Dresden: Founding a city in the dark of history , Verlag DJM, Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-9803091-1-8 , p. 290.