Nickel selenide

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Crystal structure
Structural formula of nickel selenide
__ Ni 3+      __ Se 3−
General
Surname Nickel selenide
other names

Nickel monoselenide

Ratio formula NiSe
Brief description

gray odorless solid

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 1314-05-2
EC number 215-216-2
ECHA InfoCard 100.013.834
PubChem 62394
Wikidata Q7028298
properties
Molar mass 137.65 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

density

8.46 g cm −3 (20 ° C)

solubility

practically insoluble in water

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling from  Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) , expanded if necessary
08 - Dangerous to health 09 - Dangerous for the environment

danger

H and P phrases H: 317-350i-372-410
P: 302 + 352-201-280-308 + 313
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Nickel selenide is an inorganic chemical compound of nickel from the group of selenides . The compound has a phase width of up to Ni 3 Se 4 and, along with Ni 3 Se 2 , NiSe 2 and possibly other existing phases, is only one of the nickel selenides.

Occurrence

The β-form of nickel selenide occurs naturally in the form of the mineral sederholmit , the γ-form as mäkinenite . The other nickel selenides also occur naturally. Wilkmanite corresponds to the monoclinic Ni 3 Se 4 phase, kullerudite and penrosite (both NiSe 2 ) are the orthorhombic or cubic nickel analogues of ferroselite (FeSe 2 ) and trüstedtite Ni 3 Se 4 is a cubic spinel .

Extraction and presentation

Nickel selenide can be obtained by introducing hydrogen selenide into a nickel salt solution mixed with sodium acetate , creating the black amorphous form, which always contains some selenium.

In the absence of air, the amorphous α-form precipitates from neutral aqueous nickel salt solution with ammonium selenide, the hexagonal β-form from acetic acid nickel acetate solution with hydrogen selenide and the unstable rhombohedral γ-form from sulfuric nickel sulfate solution with hydrogen selenide . This occurs only below 32 ° C and in addition to the β form and Ni 3 Se 2 .

Thin layers can also be obtained directly by reacting red-hot nickel with selenium vapor.

A number of nickel selenides (NiSe and NiSe 2 ) can be synthesized by reacting selenium (IV) chloride with nickel (II) chloride hexahydrate in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent at 180 ° C.

properties

Nickel selenide is a gray, odorless solid that is practically insoluble in water. It is insoluble in both cold and heated, dilute mineral acids ; with concentrated hydrochloric acid , it gradually develops hydrogen selenide. It is completely soluble in aqua regia and insoluble in alkalis . In the dry state it changes only slowly with oxidation, with some NiSeO 3 being formed. In contrast, it shows no tendency to form colloidal solutions, as is the case with nickel (II) sulfide .

The β-form has a hexagonal crystal structure of the nickel arsenide type with the space group P 6 3 / mmc (space group no. 194) . In contrast, Ni 3 Se 2 has a rhombohedral crystal structure with the space group R 32 (space group no. 155) . Template: room group / 194 Template: room group / 155

use

Nickel selenide thin films are important semiconductor materials and could be used as absorbent materials in photo-electrochemical cells.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Entry on nickel selenide in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on January 8, 2020(JavaScript required) .
  2. ↑ Entry on nickel selenide in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on August 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
  3. ↑ a b c d e R. J. Meyer: Nickel Part B - Delivery 2. Connections to nickel-polonium . Springer-Verlag, 2013, ISBN 978-3-662-13302-6 , pp. 745 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ Sederholmite, Wilkmanite, Kullerudite, Makinenite and Trustedtite, five new nickel selenide minerals by Y. Vuorelainen, A. Huhma and A. Häkli Outokumpu co., Finland, accessed June 29, 2016
  5. ↑ a b c Ludwig Moser, Kasimir Atynski: The representation of selenides from selenium hydrogen and metal salt solutions . In: Monthly magazine for chemistry. 45, 1925, p. 235, doi : 10.1007 / BF01524665 .
  6. ↑ Azam Sobhani, Masoud Salavati-Niasari: Synthesis and characterization of a nickel selenide series via a hydrothermal process . In: Superlattices and Microstructures . tape 65 , January 1, 2014, p. 79-90 , doi : 10.1016 / j.spmi.2013.10.030 ( sciencedirect.com ).
  7. ↑ RP Agarwala, APB Sinha: Crystal structure of nickel selenide - Ni3Se2. In: Journal of Inorganic and General Chemistry. 289, 1957, p. 203, doi : 10.1002 / zaac.19572890117 .
  8. ↑ HS Min: Metal selenide semiconductor thin films: A review . tape 9 , no. 3 , January 1, 2016 ( researchgate.net ).