Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc

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Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc ( Latinized Peirescius ; born December 1, 1580 in Belgentier , † June 24, 1637 in Aix-en-Provence ) was a French scholar , astronomer , collector , antiquarian and patron .

Life

Peiresc's interests as a scholar were widespread. He collected antique gems and coins, he promoted young artists by giving them commissions. Among other things, he ordered copies and casts of antiquities from them, which he demanded careful accuracy so that one or the other copy could later be traded as an original. He owned a collection of works by contemporary artists such as Simon Vouet , Claude Mellan (* 1596 or 1598; † 1688) and Adrian de Vries .

Equally important was his interest in the natural sciences. In 1916, Guillaume Bigourdan ascribed the discovery of the Orion Nebula in November 1610 to him. He was also interested in deciphering the hieroglyphs . He donated parts of his Egyptian collection to the Jesuit Athanasius Kircher and thus laid the foundation stone for the famous Museum Kircherianum at the Collegium Romanum in Rome.

Peiresc maintained an extensive correspondence with scholars, artists and high dignitaries all over Europe, including Cardinal Francesco Barberini , Galileo Galilei , Giovanni Battista della Porta , Cassiano dal Pozzo , Peter Paul Rubens , Francis Bacon , William Camden , his friend and poet and antiquarian Girolamo Aleandro and the secretary of the Apostolic Library in Rome, Lucas Holsten . He was also friends with the philosopher and astronomer Pierre Gassendi , who published his biography in 1641 under the title Viri illustris Nicolai Claudii Fabricii de Peiresc, senatoris aquisextiensis vita .

Honors

Charles Plumier named the genus Pereskia of the cactus family (Cactaceae) in his honor . Carl von Linné did not adopt this name, but used the generic name Cactus . Philip Miller picked up the name again.

Also Peirescius , a crater of the Earth's Moon and the asteroid (19226) Peiresc were named after him.

literature

  • Jacqueline Helling: Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc: 1580–1637 . R. Lielens, Brussels 1980.
  • Jean-François Lhote, Danielle Joyal (Eds.): Correspondance de Peiresc et Aleandro . 2 volumes, Adosa, Clermont-Ferrand 1995.
  • Philippe Tamizey de Larroque (ed.): Lettres de Peiresc à Guillemin, Holstenius et à Menestrier. 1610-1637 . 7 volumes, Paris 1888–1898.
    • Volume 1: Aux frères Dupuy: Décembre 1617 - Décembre 1628 . 1888, (online) .
    • Volume 2: Aux frères Dupuy: Janvier 1629 - Décembre 1633 . 1890, (online) .
    • Volume 3: Aux frères Dupuy: Janvier 1634 - Juin 1637 . 1892, (online) .
    • Volume 4: Lettres de Peiresc à Borrilly, à Bouchard et à Gassendi. Lettres de Gassendi à Peiresc. 1626-1637 . 1893, (online) .
    • Volume 5: Lettres de Peiresc à Guillemin, à Holsteinius et à Menestrier. Lettres de Menestrier à Peiresc. 1610-1637 . 1894, (online) .
    • Volume 6: Lettres de Peiresc à sa famille et principalement à son frère. 1602-1637 . 1894, (online) .
    • Volume 7: Lettres de Peiresc à diverse. 1602-1637 . 1898, (online) .
  • Harald Siebert: Peiresc's nebula in the constellation Orion - a new textual basis for the story of M42 . In: Annals of Science . Volume 66, Number 2, 2009, pp. 231-246, DOI: 10.1080 / 00033790801968857 .
  • Claus Zittel: The Lunatics of Aix-en-Provence: Peiresc-Mellan-Gassendi. In: Ulrike Feist & Markus Rath (eds.): Et in imagine ego. Facets of act of image and embodiment . Festschrift for Horst Bredekamp, ​​Berlin: Akademieverlag 2012, pp. 276–300.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Guillaume Bigourdan: La de'couverte de la ne'buleuse d'Orion par Peiresc . In: Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences . Volume 162, 1916, pp. 489-490.
  2. ↑ Harald Siebert: The discovery of the Orion Nebula. Historical records from 1610 re-viewed. In: Stars and Space. No. 11, 2010, pp. 32-42.
  3. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera . Leiden 1703, p. 35
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum . Leiden 1742, p. 210
  5. ^ Philip Miller: The Gardeners Dictionary . London 1768, 8th edition

Web links

Commons : Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Peiresc, Nicolas Claude Fabri de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French scholar, collector, antiquarian and patron
DATE OF BIRTH December 1, 1580
PLACE OF BIRTH Belgian animal
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1637
Place of death Aix-en-Provence