Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Bartram

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Nikolai Dmitrijewitsch Bartram (Evdokija Ivanovna Lossewa, 1920s)

Nikolai Dmitrievich Bartram ( Russian Николай Дмитриевич Бартрам ; born August 24 . Jul / 5. September  1873 greg. In Semyonovka, Ujesd lgov ; † 13. July 1931 in Moscow ) was a Russian artist , museum directors and collectors.

Life

Bartram's father was the watercolorist Dmitri Ernestowitsch Bartram, who made wooden toys in his small workshop . There Bartram learned to work and draw at an early age . 1889-1891 he studied at the Moscow Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture under Vasily Nikolajewitsch Bakschejew and Nikolai Avenirovich Martynov . Before graduation, he returned home because of his poor health. There he set up a training workshop for the manufacture of wooden toys, which he managed for 10 years. While studying the history of Russian toys , he got to know the work of the historian Ivan Yegorowitsch Sabelin and the ethnographer Vera Nikolaevna Charusina , whom he then got to know personally.

Bartram collected toys and put together a steadily growing collection of domestic and foreign toys. From his travels to the governorates he brought back belts , old headscarves , sarafans and everyday objects. 1900–1903 he traveled through Europe and visited almost all toy workshops whose products he brought with him. He also collected netsukes and textbooks.

submission
Pushkin's story about Tsar Saltan

In 1904 Bartram became head of the art department of the Museum of Crafts of the Moscow Governorate Zemstwos on Moscow's Leontjewski Pereulok, which was founded in 1885 and was headed by Sergei Timofejewitsch Morosow . In 1910, at Morosow's suggestion, the handicraft museum became a museum for design with an artistic-experimental laboratory headed by Bartram. In the museum's toy workshop , dolls with porcelain heads dressed in Russian folk costumes were made. Bartram was the first to create architectural toys with true-to-original models of the Sucharew Tower and other historical buildings. In an article in the journal Apollon , Alexander Nikolayevich Benois welcomed Bartram's work. In 1912 Bartram married the painter Evdokija Ivanovna Lossewa , who was then his long-time colleague. In 1916 Bartram became chairman of the Union of Artists of Decorative Arts and Applied Arts (until 1920). He also made a name for himself as an illustrator of books. Examples are Bartram's submission (1901) and Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin's story about Tsar Saltan (1916).

After the October Revolution , the Morosow estate was nationalized, the museum became the Museum of Folk Art , and Bartram lost his job there. Bartram now headed the Decorative Arts Commission of the Main Museum College of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR . He was a member of the Commission for the Protection of Art Monuments and Antiquities of the People's Commissariat for Education of the RSFSR. He was elected an Actual Member of the State Academy of Fine Arts .

In 1918, on Bartram's initiative, the toy museum he directed was opened in Bartram's four-room apartment in Moscow on Smolenski Bulwar . The exhibition has been steadily expanded with objects from nationalized mansions . He also put together a collection of children's portraits from the 18th and 19th centuries. In 1925 he set up the Russian department for the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et industriels modern in Paris . In the same year, the toy museum with Bartram as director was housed in the Khrushchev Seleznev mansion on Moscow's Pretschistenka , built by Domenico Gilardi . In 1931 it got its final location in Sagorsk opposite the Trinity Monastery .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Большая российская энциклопедия: БАРТРА́М Николай Дмитриевич (accessed January 8, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b БАРТРАМ, Николай Дмитриевич . In: Great Soviet Encyclopedia . tape IV , 1926, p. 791-792 ( Wikisource [accessed January 8, 2019]).
  3. ↑ Изергина А. Н .: О моем отце, художнике Н. Д. Бартраме . In: Н. Д. Бартрам: Избранные статьи. Воспоминания о художнике . Moscow 1979.
  4. ↑ a b Русские художественные промыслы: Сергей Тимофеевич Морозо (accessed January 7, 2019).
  5. ↑ Российская музейная энциклопедия. Т. 2 . Moscow 2001, p. 107 .
  6. ↑ Всероссийский музей декоративно-прикладного и народного искусства: Сергей Тимофеевич Морозов (accessed on January 7, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Bartram, Nikolai Dmitrievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Бартрам, Николай Дмитриевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian artist, museum director and collector
DATE OF BIRTH September 5, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Semjonowka, Ujesd Lgow
DATE OF DEATH July 13, 1931
Place of death Moscow