Nikolaus Creutzburg

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Nikolaus Robert Johannes Fritz Creutzburg (born April 10, 1893 in Fünfhöfen , Strelno district ; † October 1, 1978 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German geographer and university professor.

The focus of his scientific work was on geomorphology and climatic geography , industrial geography , cultural landscape research and cartography .

Creutzburg's grave is in the Bergäcker cemetery in Freiburg- Littenweiler .

Origin and studies

The son of a landowner was born in Posen and grew up in Thuringia from 1902 . There he attended the humanistic high school in Jena , where he passed his Abitur in 1912. From 1912 until the outbreak of World War I, he studied geography at the University of Munich , especially with Erich Dagobert von Drygalski ; he was enrolled at the University of Vienna for one semester. Other teachers in Munich were the alpine geologist August Rothpletz and the paleontologist Ferdinand Broili . In 1920 Creutzburg received his doctorate with a thesis on the forms of the Ice Age in the Ankogel area .

From 1922 he was an assistant to Ludwig Mecking (1879–1952) at the University of Münster , where he completed his habilitation in 1924 with a groundbreaking thesis on location issues in the Thuringian Forest industry . In this work he explored new possibilities for the cartographic representation of the facts and developments of industrial location issues.

Scientific work

At first he turned to two main areas of work, which became his main research areas: cartography and geomorphological exploration of the island of Crete . His interest in this island was stimulated by Alfred Philippson , the pioneer of geological and geographical research in the Eastern Mediterranean. In 1925 and 1926 he undertook research trips to Crete, which were followed by two publications on "The Landscapes of the Island of Crete" (1927) and "Crete, Life and Landscape" (1928).

After his appointment as an associate professor at the Technical University of Gdansk in 1928, his research focus shifted, mainly devoting himself to tasks and obligations relating to the country and folklore. His publications during this period mainly concern the city ​​of Danzig , Poland and the German nationality in the east. During his time in Gdansk Creutzburg also worked as a Gau clerk for geography in the National Socialist Teachers' Association (NSLB) . In November 1933 he signed the professors' declaration of Adolf Hitler at German universities and colleges . In 1934 Creutzburg was appointed to a commission that dealt primarily with Eastern research. Together with Carl Troll and Erich Obst , he became a member of the “German State and Economics” committee of the German Academy in Munich and in 1936 a member of the Leopoldina zu Halle.

In the same year Creutzburg was appointed full professor at the Technical University of Dresden as the successor to Kurt Hassert , where he was also appointed director of the institute in 1940. His work as an advisory board member of the Northeast German Research Association (since 1940) and as editor of " Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen " (PGM for short) were overshadowed by the Second World War , which brought his scientific work to a standstill.

From 1939 to 1945 Creutzburg was drafted into the Wehrmacht . Most recently active in army surveying, he was taken prisoner of war after the end of the war. Creutzburg was a contributor to the Nazi magazine "Auslandsdeutsche Volksforschung" of the National Socialist Hans Joachim Beyer . Since he had been an NSDAP party candidate and Wehrmacht officer before 1945 , he was refused to return to the chair in Dresden and Creutzburg moved to the University of Göttingen , where he was given a teaching position at the Geography Institute from Hans Mortensen (1894-1964) from 1946 .

In 1948 Creutzburg received a professorship at the University of Freiburg , initially as a deputy chair and from 1951 as full professor and director of the Institute of Geography I, where he retired in 1961.

In addition to his research on climatological topics, he turned back to the island of Crete from 1956, where he stayed almost twice a year. Based on the surveys by Creutzburg and his colleagues, a geological map of Crete on a scale of 1: 200000 was published in 1977. In 1958 a study also appeared on the problems of mountain structure and morphogenesis on the island of Crete. In addition, Creutzburg dealt with paleontological, settlement and economic geographic problems of this Mediterranean island.

Honors

In addition to his geological knowledge of Crete, Creutzburg also contributed to the floristic exploration of the island. In his honor, the bellflower species Campanula creutzburgii , which is endemic to Crete, was named after him.

Memberships and functions

Works

  • The forms of the Ice Age in the Ankogel area Berlin . Borntraeger, 1921 (dissertation to obtain a doctorate)
  • The localization phenomenon of industries: using the example of the north-western Thuringian Forest . Engelhorn, Stuttgart 1925 (habilitation thesis)
  • The development of the north-western Thuringian Forest into a cultural landscape . In: Free Paths for Comparative Geography, Munich 1925
  • Crete: Life and Landscape; after a lecture… In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin, ISSN  1614-2055 (1928), pp. 16–38
  • Culture in the mirror of the landscape: the image of the earth in its creation by humans; a picture atlas Leipzig: Bibliogr. Inst., 1930
  • East Prussia: on the occasion of the 24th German Geographers' Day in Danzig; the participants at the Geographentag 1931 Gotha: Perthes, 1931
  • Landscapes of the German northeast Breslau, 1931
  • The northeast; 1; Landscapes of the German northeast. Shepherd 1931
  • Danzig and its hinterland In: Negoti. u. Science Treatise d. 24. German. Geography Day Danzig 1931
  • Legal relationships in the port of Danzig. In: Petermanns Geographische Mitteilungen, Volume 78 1932
  • Meyer's large hand atlas: 360 main and secondary maps with alphabetical index of names, geographical map explanations and a reading glass. Leipzig: Bibliograph. Inst., 1933
  • The rural settlements of the island of Crete In: The rural settlements in different climatic zones (1933), pp. 55–66
  • Meyer's large hand atlas Leipzig: Bibliogr. Inst., 1933
  • The question of ethnicity in the eastern German region. 1933
  • Language and nationality in the German eastern region. In: Petermann's communications. Born in 80 1934
  • The importance of the German East for the fate of our people In: Zeitschrift für Erdkunde 4/1936, pp. 1–12
  • Atlas of the Free City of Gdansk. Danzig: Danziger Verl.-Ges., 1936
  • The landscapes of Thuringia. In: Zeitschrift für Gekunde 4/1936
  • The fate of the German ethnic group in the industrial district of Bialystok. In: German Monthly Issues in Poland, Volume 3 (13), Issue 5, 1936
  • The Vistula in East Central Europe. In: The Vistula. Their significance as a river and shipping route and their cultural tasks, Leipzig (1939), pp. 1–76
  • Friedrich Leyden : a German geographer In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin, ISSN  0013-9998 (1950/51), 3/4, pp. 339–347
  • Climate, climate types and climate maps, in: Petermanns geographische Mitteilungen 94/1950
  • Otto Jessen: February 18, 1891 - June 9, 1951 In: Jahrbuch, ISSN  0084-6090 (1952), pp. 189-196
  • Freiburg and the Breisgau: a guide through landscape and culture. Freiburg i.Br .: Schulz, 1954
  • Freiburg and the Breisgau: a guide through landscape and culture. Freiburg i. Br .: Kehrer, 1954
  • A method for the cartographic representation of the seasonal climates In: Conference report and scientific treatises, ISSN  0083-5684 (1957), pp. 266-271
  • Problems of mountain construction and morphogenesis on the island of Crete Freiburg im Breisgau: Schulz, 1958
  • Climate types of the earth. With Karl Albert Habbe map 1:50 million 1964
  • The Ethia series of southern central Crete and its ophiolite deposits Berlin [u. a.]: Springer, 1969

literature

  • Old Prussian biography . Volume 4.2, p. 1194
  • Wolfgang Weischet : On the death of Nikolaus Creutzburg . In: Geographische Zeitschrift 67, 1979, pp. 105-109.
  • Wolfgang Weischet: Nikolaus Creutzburg in memory . In: Freiburger Universitätsblätter Vol. 17, H. 62, Dec. 1978, pp. 6-8.
  • Franz Kirchheimer : Nikolaus Creutzburg . In: Yearbook of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences for 1979 , Heidelberg 1980, pp. 69–70.
  • Rudolf Ullmann: Creutzburg, Nikolaus, geographer . In: Baden biographies . New series Vol. 3, Stuttgart 1990, pp. 57-58.
  • Mechthild Rössler: Science and living space. Geographical research on the East under National Socialism . Berlin / Hamburg 1990. Image: Archive of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences.

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Confession, p. 132
personal data
SURNAME Creutzburg, Nikolaus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Creutzburg, Nikolaus Robert Johannes Fritz (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH April 10, 1893
PLACE OF BIRTH Fünfhöfen , Strelno district
DATE OF DEATH October 1, 1978
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau