Carl Troll

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Carl Troll

Carl Theodor Troll (born December 24, 1899 in Gabersee , † July 21, 1975 in Bonn ) was a German geographer and rector of the University of Bonn . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " C.Troll ". The botanist Wilhelm Troll was his brother.

Life

Carl Troll was a student at the Wilhelmsgymnasium in Munich and entered the army in June 1917 with the emergency maturity test.

From 1919 to 1922 he studied at the University of Munich , among others, biology , chemistry , geology , geography and physics . In 1921 he received his doctorate in botany and completed his habilitation in geography in 1925 with Richthofen's pupil Erich von Drygalski . From 1922 to 1927 he worked as an assistant at the Geographical Institute in Munich.

From May 1926 to August 1929 he undertook a long research trip through South America , visiting Bolivia , Ecuador , Colombia , northern Chile , Panama and Peru . This trip has fundamentally influenced his “scientific development. Here he gained the knowledge for his pioneering work on the geography of high mountains, the three-dimensional observation of the earth's climates and the comparative analysis of vegetation. "

In 1930 he became professor for colonial and overseas geography in Berlin . Between 1933 and 1934 he toured East and South Africa with Karl Wien . From 1936 to 1938 he was a full professor in the economic geography department at the Institute and Museum of Oceanography at the University of Berlin. In 1937 he also took part in the German Nanga Parbat Expedition in 1937 and undertook a research trip to Ethiopia with Rudolf Schottenloher (1911–1944) .

Between 1938 and 1966 he was a full professor and director at the Geographical Institute in Bonn . This was relocated to Scheinfeld during the Second World War in 1944 , but returned to Bonn a year later. In 1947 Carl Troll founded the journal Geography . In the first contribution of her first year he looked back on Geographical Science in Germany from 1933 to 1945. A criticism and justification . In this long article , which was also published as a special edition , he showed how National Socialism influenced geographic research in Germany and how German geographers contributed to National Socialism. His factual presentation and his criticism of the aberrations of German geopolitics from 1933 onwards helped German geography regain its reputation abroad.

From 1949 he became head of the geography specialist committee of the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft (later: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ) and also took up an expert position that lasted until 1959. From 1950 he took over the management of the commission for earth science research at the Academy of Sciences and Literature in Mainz . In 1954 Troll went on a research trip to Mexico . Between 1956 and 1960, and between 1964 and 1968, Carl Troll was Vice President of the International Geographical Union (IGU), and between 1960 and 1964 its President. He also held the office of councilor of the city of Bonn for the CDU between 1957 and 1959 . Between 1960 and 1961 he was rector of the University of Bonn . In 1966 he retired . On July 21, 1975, Carl Troll died in Bonn at the age of 75 of heart failure. He was buried in Bonn in the Poppelsdorf cemetery .

Act

Carl Troll coined the term landscape ecology and the term time-of- day climate . From hydrological, biological and economic data he developed seasonal climate maps and climate classifications in three dimensions. The so-called effective climate classification according to Troll / Paffen , which divides the earth's surface into five climate zones (each with several other subgroups), is widespread today. It uses climate characteristics to delimit the individual climate types, namely the mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest month, the annual air temperature fluctuations, the duration of vegetation and the precipitation / moisture supply. Troll's pupils included Wilhelm Lauer , Wolfgang Weischet and Felix Monheim (1916–1983).

Honors

Carl Troll was a member of the Leopoldina (1937), the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1942), the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences (1943), the Academy of Sciences and Literature (1950), the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1955) and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences (1965). He also received u. a. 1938 the Carus Medal of the Leopoldina, 1953 the Vega Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography , 1962 the Victoria Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and 1964 the Albrecht Penck Medal . Troll was awarded the honorary doctorate by the Catholic University of Leuven and the University of Vienna . "Carl-Troll-Straße" is named after him in Bonn's university district of Poppelsdorf.

After Troll are also the moss genus Trolliella Herzog and the mushroom genus Trolliomyces Ulbr. named.

Publications

  • The unfolding movements of the flower stalks and their biological significance . In: Flora or General Botanical Newspaper, NF Volume 115 (4) , 1922, pp. 294-392 (dissertation).
  • Oceanic trains in the vegetation of Central Europe . In: Free paths for comparative geography: Erich von Drygalski on his 60th birthday on February 9, 1925, dedicated by his students . Munich, Berlin 1925, p. 307-335 (habilitation).
  • Africa as a supplier of raw materials to the global economy . In: Koloniale Rundschau . H. 9/12, 1932 (together with Fritz Lange, Elsa Gerth).
  • The German colonial problem due to an East African research trip in 1933/34 . Berlin 1937.
  • Colonial geographic research and the German colonial problem . Wroclaw 1937.
  • Aerial plan and ecological soil research . In: Journal of the Society for Geography in Berlin 1939 (7/8) . Berlin 1939, p. 241-298 .
  • Studies on the comparative geography of the high mountains of the earth . In: Bonner Mitteilungen 21 . Bonn 1941.
  • Colonial spatial planning in Africa . In: Training and speaking material of the federal leadership of the Reichskolonialbund . Berlin 1942.
  • Geographical Science in Germany from 1933 to 1945. A Critique and Justification . In: Geography, 1st year 1947, p. 3-48 .
  • Facts and Thoughts on Climate Types . In: Geographical Studies: Festschrift for the completion of the 65th year of life by Prof. Dr. Johann Sölch , presented by his students, friends and employees . Vienna 1951, p. 184-202 .
  • Diaries of the travels in Bolivia 1926/1927 . Edited by Felix Monheim, transferred from the shorthand by Elisabeth Troll (= Earth Science Research , Vol. 19). Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-515-04567-8 .

literature

  • Hanno Beck : Carl Troll - a geographer in the spirit of Alexander v. Humboldts (1899-1975). In: Hanno Beck: Great Geographers. Pioneers - outsiders - scholars. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-496-00507-6 , pp. 273-281
  • Hermann Lautensach (1959): Carl Troll - A researcher's life . In: Erdkunde , Jg. 13 (1959), Heft 4, pp. 245-252; with list of publications 1922–1959, pp. 252–258.
  • Wilhelm Lauer : Carl Troll on his 70th birthday In: Ders. (Ed.): Argumenta Geographica. Festschrift Carl Troll on the occasion of his 70th birthday (= Colloquium Geographicum , Vol. 12). Dümmler, Bonn 1970, pp. 11-17; with list of publications 1960–1970, pp. 18–26.
  • Wilhelm Lauer: Carl Troll - natural scientist and geographer. In: Erdkunde , Jg. 30 (1976), Heft 1, pp. 1-7; with list of publications 1970–1975, pp. 7–9.
  • Winfried Schenk (ed.): Carl Troll - documents on his biography and his scientific work, Bergisch Gladbach: E. Ferger Verlag 2017 (Colloquium geographicum; 35), ISBN 978-3-931-21954-3

Scientific publications by Cari Troll, Part II (1960–1970)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Annual report on the K. Wilhelms-Gymnasium in Munich. ZDB ID 12448436 , 1916/17.
  2. ^ Felix Monheim: Introduction . In: Carl Troll: Diaries of journeys in Bolivia 1926/1927 . Edited by Felix Monheim. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, pp. 1-6.
  3. ^ Felix Monheim: Ecological and geographical research in the Bolivian Eastern Cordillera . Farewell lecture at RWTH Aachen University on May 14, 1982. In: Carl Troll: Diaries of journeys in Bolivia 1926/1927 . Edited by Felix Monheim. Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 1985, pp. XI – XII, quotation p. XI.
  4. ^ Hermann Lautensach: Carl Troll - A researcher's life . In: Erdkunde , Jg. 13 (1959), Heft 4, pp. 245-258, here p. 251.
  5. ↑ Member entry of Carl Troll at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on June 18, 2016.
  6. ↑ Member entry by Prof. Dr. Carl Troll (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on June 19, 2016.
  7. ↑ Otto Wenig (Ed.): Directory of the professors and lecturers of the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn 1818–1968. Bouvier, Bonn 1968, p. 438.
  8. ^ Carl-Troll-Straße in the Bonn street cadastre
  9. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Troll, Carl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Troll, Carl Theodor (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geographer and rector of the University of Bonn
DATE OF BIRTH December 24, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Gabersee
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1975
Place of death Bonn