Nikolauskirche (Unterheinriet)
The Protestant Nikolauskirche in Unterheinriet , a district of the community Untergruppenbach in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg , was first mentioned in 1359. It belongs to the Protestant parish Unterheinriet in the church district of Weinsberg-Neuenstadt of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg . The church has had its current form since 1722 and, together with the neighboring rectory and the nearby wine press, forms a listed ensemble in the historic center.
history
Unterheinriet was probably built during the clearing period between 800 and 1000 and was in the possession of the Lords of Heinriet in the high Middle Ages , before they sold their property to the Counts of Löwenstein in the middle of the 14th century . According to the remains of Romanesque components, the church was built as a stone building no later than 1250 and appears for the first time in a directory from 1359 as a choir tower church . In the pre-Reformation period, it was dedicated to St. Consecrated to Nicholas .
After the transition of the County of Löwenstein to Württemberg in 1504, Unterheinriet came to the Oberamt Beilstein and the church to the Deanery Lauffen . In 1535 the church was reformed with the place , probably by Erhard Schnepf . A stone dated from 1578 reveals that the church was enlarged in that year.
In 1722 the church was renovated and extended to the south, giving it its current external dimensions. In 1759 the church got a new baptismal font through the foundation of Maria Krack . In 1774 the archway was built at the entrance to the church.
In 1787 the church tower was repaired and in 1789 the unnecessary sacristy was torn down. In 1794 the tower roof had to be repaired again. In 1799 the organ was repaired. Winter storms caused damage to the church tower roof, which was repaired in 1801 by the slateer Georg Adam Oesterle from Brackenheim . The damage to windows and doors could not be repaired for the time being due to the emergency times of the Napoleonic Wars . In 1802 the windows were repaired, using sheet panes instead of round ones. In 1803 the church got a new coat of paint after 30 years. In 1809 repairs were made to the church clock.
In 1812 the church was transferred from the dean's office in Lauffen to the dean's office in Weinsberg .
The organ was repaired in 1823, but in 1831 its condition was criticized by the school teacher Frasch as bad. A new repair was not carried out for reasons of cost. In 1842 the slate roof of the church tower was repaired again, followed by a renovation of the tower in 1844.
In 1851 a parish council was elected for the first time at the church.
From 1886 the church and rectory were thoroughly renovated. The widow Schaber, who had given the community substantial financial support since 1871 at the latest, made it possible to purchase a new organ built by Weigle in Stuttgart in 1887 , which was no longer placed on the east gallery like the previous instrument, but on the south pore. The church also received two American stoves . The renovated church was rededicated in 1889. In 1892, again with funds from the widow Schaber, an attached toddler school was opened. A church choir is mentioned for the first time in 1893 .
After a stormy night in the winter of 1901, the west gable of the church collapsed and was probably repaired again soon afterwards.
In 1905 the church received a memorial plaque for Gottlieb Weimar, who fell in Africa. In 1919 another memorial was added to the 42 dead inhabitants of the First World War . In the same year the church received a new tower clock from Hörz in Ulm .
In 1921 the tower roof was repaired again. During an interior renovation in 1936, the church received new seats.
The church survived the Second World War largely unscathed. An extensive renovation took place in 1957, in which the main focus was on combating the damage caused by woodworms : the flooring and the pews in the gallery were renewed. In 1960 the outside staircase to the church and the arched portal were renewed.
From 1962, extensive renovation measures followed, during which the church tower was largely renewed. The church was rededicated on November 6, 1966. In the following year the archway to the churchyard was renewed.
architecture
The church is a choir tower from the 13th century with a ribbed vault in the narrow choir and an L-shaped gallery on the west and south sides. The extension of the church in 1722 served to install the original three-sided gallery with initially a leg for the organ, which spans the choir arch, and a sweeping south pore including the gain in space below. The roof ridge moved from the center of the tower to the south as a result of the roof, which was necessarily wider. The main entrance was also laid out from the south and the parterre and south pore stalls were oriented across the room axis with considerable depth to the pulpit opposite on the north wall. This spatial arrangement still corresponds to a transverse church concept that has often been encountered in Württemberg since the Reformation , which incidentally attaches little importance to the altar in the narrow choir, but rather prefers the pulpit as the source of the proclamation. Since the east organ gallery was closed in 1887, the new organ has been located in the south pore above the main portal.
Furnishing
The pulpit and font are from 1759.
painting
The decoration with paintings is largely baroque , especially the gallery depictions of Jesus and his disciples as well as Old and New Testament scenes up to the Pentecost sermon of Peter in the parapet, as well as a painting with the baptism of Christ from 1688, which was renewed in 1760 and 1872 . In 1998 the painters Rut Hanselmann , then Heilbronn, and Mares Schultz (Stuttgart; 1920 - 2013) emphasized the choir arch with a picture frieze. Mares Schultz also created the two southern colored windows with the motifs Vogel im Nest (1997) and Der Weinstock (1998), Rut Hanselmann opposite the glass pictures Annunciation to Maria (1997) and Ruth and Naemi (1998).
organ
The organ case comes from the 19th century, the mechanical cone chute organ with a very nice sound from the Stuttgart organ builder Carl Gottlieb Weigle .
Bells
A small bell for the church was cast in 1781 near Neubert in Ludwigsburg. In 1790 the big bell was repaired by the Munich bell founder Josef Doll. In 1821 a new big bell was cast at Neubert. In 1882 one of the bells broke and became unusable. The widow Juliane Schaber, who had already donated ten years earlier for the renovation of the church, donated the Luther bell cast at the Bachert bell foundry in 1883 , which today is the oldest bell that rings. Another new small bell was added in 1883. During the First World War, two bells had to be delivered for armament purposes in 1917. In 1920, Bachert bought the memorial bell to commemorate the dead of the First World War, and it is still there today. In 1925 the church was able to procure a large bell weighing 15 quintals. The two largest bells, namely the last one procured and the Luther bell , had to be delivered during the Second World War in 1942. The Luther bell returned to the church in 1949. The ringing was then completed with a new bell weighing 10 quintals, and in 1968 a fourth bell weighing 16 quintals was added.
Rectory
The local rectory was built around 1780 on the foundations of a much older building with loopholes and replaced an older rectory opposite the main entrance to the church. In 1934 a small parish hall was built into the rectory.
Meadows and a barn belonged to the rectory, and new pig and poultry houses were built in 1841. When the pastor gave up livestock farming around 1880, the farm buildings were demolished again.
In the Luther year 1883, when the church also procured the Luther bell , a Luther linden tree was planted near the rectory . This fell victim to a storm in May 1957 and was replaced by a new linden tree in 1958.
graveyard
The town's cemetery had to be expanded in 1834 as there were many deaths due to the outbreak of the Ruhr . The foundation maintenance therefore acquired some neighboring properties to the east. In 1872 the cemetery was expanded again to the south.
Individual evidence
- ^ Website of the parish Unterheinriet
- ^ Website of the Evangelical Church District Weinsberg-Neuenstadt
- ↑ Fekete 2002, p. 301.
literature
- Friedrich Gutöhrlein: How it was at home. A hike through the community of Unterheinriet. Unterheinriet 1969, pp. 129-145.
- Julius Fekete : Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 301.
- Otto Friedrich: Evangelical churches in the deanery Weinsberg - picture reading book ; ed. Ev. Deanery Weinsberg, 2003, p. 48 f
Web links
Coordinates: 49 ° 5 ′ 8.8 ″ N , 9 ° 19 ′ 26.6 ″ E